Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel
The purpose of this work was to develop a novel topical formulation of econazole nitrate based on gel that can be easily scaled up in one pot for the potential treatment of fungal and yeast infections. Econazole nitrate, a topical antifungal, is used to treat tinea versicolor, tinea pedis, and tinea...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Gels |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/929 |
| _version_ | 1797381007715860480 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammad F. Bayan Balakumar Chandrasekaran Mohammad H. Alyami |
| author_facet | Mohammad F. Bayan Balakumar Chandrasekaran Mohammad H. Alyami |
| author_sort | Mohammad F. Bayan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this work was to develop a novel topical formulation of econazole nitrate based on gel that can be easily scaled up in one pot for the potential treatment of fungal and yeast infections. Econazole nitrate, a topical antifungal, is used to treat tinea versicolor, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris. Compared to applying cream or ointment, topical gels offer numerous advantages, one of which is that the drug is released more quickly to the intended site of action. A viscous mixture of propylene glycol, Capmul<sup>®</sup> MCM C8, methyl and propyl paraben, and econazole nitrate were mixed together before being formulated into the optimized Carbopol<sup>®</sup> gel bases. The gel’s color, appearance, and homogeneity were assessed visually. For every formulation, the drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and gel strength were characterized. The cup plate diffusion method was used to evaluate the anti-fungal activity of the prepared formulations. To assess the behavior of the developed system, studies on in vitro release and mechanism were conducted. The manufactured formulations were transparent, pale yellow, and exhibited excellent homogeneity. The pH of each formulation was roughly 6.0, making them suitable for topical use. The concentration of Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940 resulted in a significant increase in viscosity and gel strength but a significant decrease in spreadability. It was demonstrated that the prepared formulations inhibited the growth of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. In contrast, the standard blank gel showed no signs of antifungal action. By increasing the concentration of Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940, the in vitro release profile of econazole nitrate significantly decreased. Following the Korsmeyer–Peppas model fitting, all formulations exhibited n values greater than 0.5 and less than 1, indicating that diffusion and gel swelling control econazole nitrate release. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:45:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df37512b0a2c4d999f1cc8ecc05618c2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2310-2861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T20:45:11Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Gels |
| spelling | doaj.art-df37512b0a2c4d999f1cc8ecc05618c22023-12-22T14:10:37ZengMDPI AGGels2310-28612023-11-0191292910.3390/gels9120929Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical GelMohammad F. Bayan0Balakumar Chandrasekaran1Mohammad H. Alyami2Faculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, JordanFaculty of Pharmacy, Philadelphia University, P.O. Box 1, Amman 19392, JordanDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 66462, Saudi ArabiaThe purpose of this work was to develop a novel topical formulation of econazole nitrate based on gel that can be easily scaled up in one pot for the potential treatment of fungal and yeast infections. Econazole nitrate, a topical antifungal, is used to treat tinea versicolor, tinea pedis, and tinea cruris. Compared to applying cream or ointment, topical gels offer numerous advantages, one of which is that the drug is released more quickly to the intended site of action. A viscous mixture of propylene glycol, Capmul<sup>®</sup> MCM C8, methyl and propyl paraben, and econazole nitrate were mixed together before being formulated into the optimized Carbopol<sup>®</sup> gel bases. The gel’s color, appearance, and homogeneity were assessed visually. For every formulation, the drug content, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and gel strength were characterized. The cup plate diffusion method was used to evaluate the anti-fungal activity of the prepared formulations. To assess the behavior of the developed system, studies on in vitro release and mechanism were conducted. The manufactured formulations were transparent, pale yellow, and exhibited excellent homogeneity. The pH of each formulation was roughly 6.0, making them suitable for topical use. The concentration of Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940 resulted in a significant increase in viscosity and gel strength but a significant decrease in spreadability. It was demonstrated that the prepared formulations inhibited the growth of <i>Candida albicans</i> and <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>. In contrast, the standard blank gel showed no signs of antifungal action. By increasing the concentration of Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940, the in vitro release profile of econazole nitrate significantly decreased. Following the Korsmeyer–Peppas model fitting, all formulations exhibited n values greater than 0.5 and less than 1, indicating that diffusion and gel swelling control econazole nitrate release.https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/929econazolecutaneous candidiasisCarbopol<sup>®</sup> 940topical gelsustainability |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad F. Bayan Balakumar Chandrasekaran Mohammad H. Alyami Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel Gels econazole cutaneous candidiasis Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940 topical gel sustainability |
| title | Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel |
| title_full | Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel |
| title_fullStr | Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel |
| title_short | Development and Characterization of Econazole Topical Gel |
| title_sort | development and characterization of econazole topical gel |
| topic | econazole cutaneous candidiasis Carbopol<sup>®</sup> 940 topical gel sustainability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2310-2861/9/12/929 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammadfbayan developmentandcharacterizationofeconazoletopicalgel AT balakumarchandrasekaran developmentandcharacterizationofeconazoletopicalgel AT mohammadhalyami developmentandcharacterizationofeconazoletopicalgel |