Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies
Difenoconazole has a widespread agricultural use to control fungal diseases in crops, including rice. In edge-of-field surface waters the residues of this lipophilic fungicide may be toxic to both pelagic and benthic organisms. To allow an effect assessment we mined the regulatory and open literatur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002100 |
| _version_ | 1797261872741744640 |
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| author | Jian Sun PengFei Xiao XiaoHui Yin GuoNian Zhu Theo C.M. Brock |
| author_facet | Jian Sun PengFei Xiao XiaoHui Yin GuoNian Zhu Theo C.M. Brock |
| author_sort | Jian Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Difenoconazole has a widespread agricultural use to control fungal diseases in crops, including rice. In edge-of-field surface waters the residues of this lipophilic fungicide may be toxic to both pelagic and benthic organisms. To allow an effect assessment we mined the regulatory and open literature for aquatic toxicity data. Since published sediment toxicity data were scarce we conducted 28 d sediment-spiked toxicity test with 8 species of benthic macroinvertebrates. Ecotoxicological threshold levels for effects were assessed by applying the species sensitivity distribution approach. Based on short-term L(E)C50’s for aquatic organisms from water-only tests an acute Hazardous Concentration to 5% of the species (HC5) of 100 µg difenoconazole/L was obtained, while the HC5 based on chronic NOEC values was a factor of 104 lower (0.96 µg difenoconazole/L). For benthic macroinvertebrates the chronic HC5, based on 28d-L(E)C10 values, was 0.82 mg difenoconazole/kg dry weight sediment. To allow a risk assessment for water- and sediment-dwelling organisms, exposure concentrations were predicted for the water and sediment compartment of an edge-of-field pond bordering rice paddies treated with difenoconazole using the Chinese Top-Rice modelling approach, the Chinese Nanchang exposure scenario and the Equilibrium Partitioning theory. It appeared that in the vast majority of the 20 climate years simulated, potential risks to aquatic and sediment organisms cannot be excluded. Although the HC5 values based on laboratory toxicity data provide one line of evidence only, our evaluation suggests population- and community-level effects on these organisms due to chronic risks in particular. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T21:54:44Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T23:48:07Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-df422252fe11491c83b5fa6a75aa48e62024-03-15T04:42:48ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132024-03-01273116135Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddiesJian Sun0PengFei Xiao1XiaoHui Yin2GuoNian Zhu3Theo C.M. Brock4Zhe Jiang Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Advanced Agriculture Science, 666 Wu Su Street, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang 311300, ChinaJiYang College of Zhe Jiang Agriculture and Forestry University, 77 Pu Yang road, Zhu Ji, Hang Zhou 311800, ChinaZhe Jiang Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Advanced Agriculture Science, 666 Wu Su Street, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang 311300, China; Corresponding author.Zhe Jiang Agriculture and Forestry University, College of Advanced Agriculture Science, 666 Wu Su Street, Lin’an, Hangzhou, Zhe Jiang 311300, ChinaWageningen Environmental Research, Wageningen University and Research, P.O. Box 47, Wageningen 6700 AA, the NetherlandsDifenoconazole has a widespread agricultural use to control fungal diseases in crops, including rice. In edge-of-field surface waters the residues of this lipophilic fungicide may be toxic to both pelagic and benthic organisms. To allow an effect assessment we mined the regulatory and open literature for aquatic toxicity data. Since published sediment toxicity data were scarce we conducted 28 d sediment-spiked toxicity test with 8 species of benthic macroinvertebrates. Ecotoxicological threshold levels for effects were assessed by applying the species sensitivity distribution approach. Based on short-term L(E)C50’s for aquatic organisms from water-only tests an acute Hazardous Concentration to 5% of the species (HC5) of 100 µg difenoconazole/L was obtained, while the HC5 based on chronic NOEC values was a factor of 104 lower (0.96 µg difenoconazole/L). For benthic macroinvertebrates the chronic HC5, based on 28d-L(E)C10 values, was 0.82 mg difenoconazole/kg dry weight sediment. To allow a risk assessment for water- and sediment-dwelling organisms, exposure concentrations were predicted for the water and sediment compartment of an edge-of-field pond bordering rice paddies treated with difenoconazole using the Chinese Top-Rice modelling approach, the Chinese Nanchang exposure scenario and the Equilibrium Partitioning theory. It appeared that in the vast majority of the 20 climate years simulated, potential risks to aquatic and sediment organisms cannot be excluded. Although the HC5 values based on laboratory toxicity data provide one line of evidence only, our evaluation suggests population- and community-level effects on these organisms due to chronic risks in particular.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002100Aquatic toxicitySediment toxicitySpecies sensitivity distributionsEnvironmental risk assessmentAzole fungicide |
| spellingShingle | Jian Sun PengFei Xiao XiaoHui Yin GuoNian Zhu Theo C.M. Brock Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Aquatic toxicity Sediment toxicity Species sensitivity distributions Environmental risk assessment Azole fungicide |
| title | Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| title_full | Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| title_fullStr | Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| title_short | Aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| title_sort | aquatic and sediment ecotoxicity data of difenoconazole and its potential environmental risks in ponds bordering rice paddies |
| topic | Aquatic toxicity Sediment toxicity Species sensitivity distributions Environmental risk assessment Azole fungicide |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651324002100 |
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