Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand
The transmission of zoonotic filarial parasites by black flies has so far been reported in the Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, Thailand, and the bites of these infected black flies can cause a rare disease—human zoonotic onchocerciasis. However, species identification of the filarial parasites and the...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-06-01
|
| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/512 |
| _version_ | 1797564184579276800 |
|---|---|
| author | Kittipat Aupalee Atiporn Saeung Wichai Srisuka Masako Fukuda Adrian Streit Hiroyuki Takaoka |
| author_facet | Kittipat Aupalee Atiporn Saeung Wichai Srisuka Masako Fukuda Adrian Streit Hiroyuki Takaoka |
| author_sort | Kittipat Aupalee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The transmission of zoonotic filarial parasites by black flies has so far been reported in the Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, Thailand, and the bites of these infected black flies can cause a rare disease—human zoonotic onchocerciasis. However, species identification of the filarial parasites and their black fly vectors in the Chiang Mai province were previously only based on a morphotaxonomic analysis. In this study, a combined approach of morphotaxonomic and molecular analyses (mitochondrial <i>cox1</i>, 12S rRNA, and nuclear 18S rRNA (<i>SSU</i> HVR-I) genes) was used to clarify the natural filarial infections in female black flies collected by using human and swine baits from two study areas (Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang) in the Chiang Mai province from March 2018 to January 2019. A total of 805 and 4597 adult females, belonging to seven and nine black fly taxa, were collected from Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang, respectively. At Ban Lek, four of the 309 adult females of <i>Simulium nigrogilvum</i> were positive for <i>Onchocerca</i> species type I in the hot and rainy seasons. At Ban Pang Dang, five unknown filarial larvae (belonging to the same new species) were detected in <i>Simulium</i> sp. in the <i>S. varicorne</i> species-group and in three species in the <i>S</i>. <i>asakoae</i> species-group in all seasons, and three non-filarial larvae of three different taxa were also found in three females of the <i>S. asakoae</i> species-group. This study is the first to molecularly identify new filarial species and their vector black fly species in Thailand. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df4be0b2aac34b84aa90767a009331ab |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:54:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-df4be0b2aac34b84aa90767a009331ab2023-11-20T04:55:17ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172020-06-019651210.3390/pathogens9060512Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern ThailandKittipat Aupalee0Atiporn Saeung1Wichai Srisuka2Masako Fukuda3Adrian Streit4Hiroyuki Takaoka5Graduate Doctoral Degree Program in Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandEntomology Section, Queen Sirikit Botanic Garden, P.O. Box 7, Chiang Mai 50180, ThailandInstitute for Research Promotion, Oita University, Idaigaoka 1-1, Hasama, Yufu City, Oita 879-5593, JapanDepartment of Integrative Evolutionary Biology, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, 72076 Baden-Württemberg, GermanyTropical Infectious Diseases Research and Education Centre (TIDREC), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaThe transmission of zoonotic filarial parasites by black flies has so far been reported in the Chiang Mai and Tak provinces, Thailand, and the bites of these infected black flies can cause a rare disease—human zoonotic onchocerciasis. However, species identification of the filarial parasites and their black fly vectors in the Chiang Mai province were previously only based on a morphotaxonomic analysis. In this study, a combined approach of morphotaxonomic and molecular analyses (mitochondrial <i>cox1</i>, 12S rRNA, and nuclear 18S rRNA (<i>SSU</i> HVR-I) genes) was used to clarify the natural filarial infections in female black flies collected by using human and swine baits from two study areas (Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang) in the Chiang Mai province from March 2018 to January 2019. A total of 805 and 4597 adult females, belonging to seven and nine black fly taxa, were collected from Ban Lek and Ban Pang Dang, respectively. At Ban Lek, four of the 309 adult females of <i>Simulium nigrogilvum</i> were positive for <i>Onchocerca</i> species type I in the hot and rainy seasons. At Ban Pang Dang, five unknown filarial larvae (belonging to the same new species) were detected in <i>Simulium</i> sp. in the <i>S. varicorne</i> species-group and in three species in the <i>S</i>. <i>asakoae</i> species-group in all seasons, and three non-filarial larvae of three different taxa were also found in three females of the <i>S. asakoae</i> species-group. This study is the first to molecularly identify new filarial species and their vector black fly species in Thailand.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/512<i>Simulium</i>black fly<i>Onchocerca</i> spp.zoonotic onchocerciasis<i>cox1</i>12S rRNA |
| spellingShingle | Kittipat Aupalee Atiporn Saeung Wichai Srisuka Masako Fukuda Adrian Streit Hiroyuki Takaoka Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand Pathogens <i>Simulium</i> black fly <i>Onchocerca</i> spp. zoonotic onchocerciasis <i>cox1</i> 12S rRNA |
| title | Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand |
| title_full | Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand |
| title_fullStr | Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand |
| title_full_unstemmed | Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand |
| title_short | Seasonal Filarial Infections and Their Black Fly Vectors in Chiang Mai Province, Northern Thailand |
| title_sort | seasonal filarial infections and their black fly vectors in chiang mai province northern thailand |
| topic | <i>Simulium</i> black fly <i>Onchocerca</i> spp. zoonotic onchocerciasis <i>cox1</i> 12S rRNA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/9/6/512 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kittipataupalee seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand AT atipornsaeung seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand AT wichaisrisuka seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand AT masakofukuda seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand AT adrianstreit seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand AT hiroyukitakaoka seasonalfilarialinfectionsandtheirblackflyvectorsinchiangmaiprovincenorthernthailand |