Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index
ObjectiveTo describe the development of an area-level measure of children's opportunity, the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI).Data Sources/Study SettingSecondary data were collected from US census based-American Community Survey (ACS), US Environmental Protection Agency, US Housing...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.734105/full |
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| author | Naleef Fareed Naleef Fareed Priti Singh Pallavi Jonnalagadda Christine Swoboda Christine Swoboda Colin Odden Nathan Doogan |
| author_facet | Naleef Fareed Naleef Fareed Priti Singh Pallavi Jonnalagadda Christine Swoboda Christine Swoboda Colin Odden Nathan Doogan |
| author_sort | Naleef Fareed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ObjectiveTo describe the development of an area-level measure of children's opportunity, the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI).Data Sources/Study SettingSecondary data were collected from US census based-American Community Survey (ACS), US Environmental Protection Agency, US Housing and Urban Development, Ohio Vital Statistics, US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, Ohio State University Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, Ohio Incident Based Reporting System, IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System, and Ohio Department of Medicaid. Data were aggregated to census tracts across two time periods.Study DesignOCOI domains were selected based on existing literature, which included family stability, infant health, children's health, access, education, housing, environment, and criminal justice domains. The composite index was developed using an equal weighting approach. Validation analyses were conducted between OCOI and health and race-related outcomes, and a national index.Principal FindingsComposite OCOI scores ranged from 0–100 with an average value of 74.82 (SD, 17.00). Census tracts in the major metropolitan cities across Ohio represented 76% of the total census tracts in the least advantaged OCOI septile. OCOI served as a significant predictor of health and race-related outcomes. Specifically, the average life expectancy at birth of children born in the most advantaged septile was approximately 9 years more than those born in least advantaged septile. Increases in OCOI were associated with decreases in proportion of Black (48 points lower in the most advantaged vs. least advantaged septile), p < 0.001) and Minority populations (54 points lower in most advantaged vs. least advantaged septile, p < 0.001). We found R-squared values > 0.50 between the OCOI and the national Child Opportunity Index scores. Temporally, OCOI decreased by 1% between the two study periods, explained mainly by decreases in the children health, accessibility and environmental domains.ConclusionAs the first opportunity index developed for children in Ohio, the OCOI is a valuable resource for policy reform, especially related to health disparities and health equity. Health care providers will be able to use it to obtain holistic views on their patients and implement interventions that can tackle barriers to childhood development using a more tailored approach. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:37:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df4c22eda7b142a5b552f5ac589cf173 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T03:37:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-df4c22eda7b142a5b552f5ac589cf1732022-12-22T03:04:18ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652022-07-011010.3389/fpubh.2022.734105734105Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity IndexNaleef Fareed0Naleef Fareed1Priti Singh2Pallavi Jonnalagadda3Christine Swoboda4Christine Swoboda5Colin Odden6Nathan Doogan7CATALYST—The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesCATALYST—The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesCATALYST—The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesCATALYST—The Center for the Advancement of Team Science, Analytics, and Systems Thinking, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Columbus, OH, United StatesDepartment of Research Information Technology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesOhio Colleges of Medicine Government Resource Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United StatesObjectiveTo describe the development of an area-level measure of children's opportunity, the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index (OCOI).Data Sources/Study SettingSecondary data were collected from US census based-American Community Survey (ACS), US Environmental Protection Agency, US Housing and Urban Development, Ohio Vital Statistics, US Department of Agriculture-Economic Research Service, Ohio State University Center for Urban and Regional Analysis, Ohio Incident Based Reporting System, IPUMS National Historical Geographic Information System, and Ohio Department of Medicaid. Data were aggregated to census tracts across two time periods.Study DesignOCOI domains were selected based on existing literature, which included family stability, infant health, children's health, access, education, housing, environment, and criminal justice domains. The composite index was developed using an equal weighting approach. Validation analyses were conducted between OCOI and health and race-related outcomes, and a national index.Principal FindingsComposite OCOI scores ranged from 0–100 with an average value of 74.82 (SD, 17.00). Census tracts in the major metropolitan cities across Ohio represented 76% of the total census tracts in the least advantaged OCOI septile. OCOI served as a significant predictor of health and race-related outcomes. Specifically, the average life expectancy at birth of children born in the most advantaged septile was approximately 9 years more than those born in least advantaged septile. Increases in OCOI were associated with decreases in proportion of Black (48 points lower in the most advantaged vs. least advantaged septile), p < 0.001) and Minority populations (54 points lower in most advantaged vs. least advantaged septile, p < 0.001). We found R-squared values > 0.50 between the OCOI and the national Child Opportunity Index scores. Temporally, OCOI decreased by 1% between the two study periods, explained mainly by decreases in the children health, accessibility and environmental domains.ConclusionAs the first opportunity index developed for children in Ohio, the OCOI is a valuable resource for policy reform, especially related to health disparities and health equity. Health care providers will be able to use it to obtain holistic views on their patients and implement interventions that can tackle barriers to childhood development using a more tailored approach.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.734105/fullarea-level deprivationopportunitychildren well-beingsocial determinants of health (SDoH)neighborhood |
| spellingShingle | Naleef Fareed Naleef Fareed Priti Singh Pallavi Jonnalagadda Christine Swoboda Christine Swoboda Colin Odden Nathan Doogan Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index Frontiers in Public Health area-level deprivation opportunity children well-being social determinants of health (SDoH) neighborhood |
| title | Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index |
| title_full | Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index |
| title_fullStr | Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index |
| title_full_unstemmed | Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index |
| title_short | Construction of the Ohio Children's Opportunity Index |
| title_sort | construction of the ohio children s opportunity index |
| topic | area-level deprivation opportunity children well-being social determinants of health (SDoH) neighborhood |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.734105/full |
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