Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid
In this paper, the fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) modified with L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP), being a novel intumescent fire retardant (IFR), was investigated. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the UP with different amounts of LHP (from 10 to 3...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/932 |
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| author | Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Kamila Mizera Mateusz Barczewski Paweł Kozikowski Michał K. Leszczyński Agata Domańska |
| author_facet | Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Kamila Mizera Mateusz Barczewski Paweł Kozikowski Michał K. Leszczyński Agata Domańska |
| author_sort | Kamila Sałasińska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this paper, the fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) modified with L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP), being a novel intumescent fire retardant (IFR), was investigated. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the UP with different amounts of LHP (from 10 to 30 wt. %) were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as well as dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Reaction to small flames was studied by horizontal burning (HB) test, while fire behavior and smoke emission were investigated with the cone calorimeter (CC) and smoke density chamber. Further, the analysis of volatile products was conducted (TGA/FT-IR). It was observed that the addition of LHP resulted in the formation of carbonaceous char inhibiting the thermal decomposition, burning rate and smoke emission. The most promising results were obtained for the UP containing 30 wt. % of LHP, for which the highest reduction in maximum values of heat release rate (200 kW/m<sup>2</sup>) and total smoke release (3535 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) compared to unmodified polymer (792 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and 6895 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) were recorded. However, some important disadvantage with respect to water resistance was observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:49:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df84a3d5f15d41c09ffa493e5b5c0cfa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:49:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-df84a3d5f15d41c09ffa493e5b5c0cfa2023-12-03T13:12:07ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-02-0126493210.3390/molecules26040932Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric AcidKamila Sałasińska0Maciej Celiński1Kamila Mizera2Mateusz Barczewski3Paweł Kozikowski4Michał K. Leszczyński5Agata Domańska6Central Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandCentral Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandCentral Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandInstitute of Materials Technology, Poznan University of Technology, 61-138 Poznań, PolandCentral Institute for Labour Protection—National Research Institute, Department of Chemical, Biological and Aerosol Hazards, 00-701 Warsaw, PolandFaculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, 02-507 Warsaw, PolandŁukasiewicz Research Network—Institute for Engineering of Polymer Materials and Dyes, 87-100 Toruń, PolandIn this paper, the fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin (UP) modified with L-histidinium dihydrogen phosphate-phosphoric acid (LHP), being a novel intumescent fire retardant (IFR), was investigated. Thermal and thermomechanical properties of the UP with different amounts of LHP (from 10 to 30 wt. %) were determined by thermogravimetric analysis (TG) as well as dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA). Reaction to small flames was studied by horizontal burning (HB) test, while fire behavior and smoke emission were investigated with the cone calorimeter (CC) and smoke density chamber. Further, the analysis of volatile products was conducted (TGA/FT-IR). It was observed that the addition of LHP resulted in the formation of carbonaceous char inhibiting the thermal decomposition, burning rate and smoke emission. The most promising results were obtained for the UP containing 30 wt. % of LHP, for which the highest reduction in maximum values of heat release rate (200 kW/m<sup>2</sup>) and total smoke release (3535 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) compared to unmodified polymer (792 kW/m<sup>2</sup> and 6895 m<sup>2</sup>/m<sup>2</sup>) were recorded. However, some important disadvantage with respect to water resistance was observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/932unsaturated polyester resinburning behaviorfire retardantthermal stability |
| spellingShingle | Kamila Sałasińska Maciej Celiński Kamila Mizera Mateusz Barczewski Paweł Kozikowski Michał K. Leszczyński Agata Domańska Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid Molecules unsaturated polyester resin burning behavior fire retardant thermal stability |
| title | Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid |
| title_full | Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid |
| title_fullStr | Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid |
| title_short | Moisture Resistance, Thermal Stability and Fire Behavior of Unsaturated Polyester Resin Modified with L-histidinium Dihydrogen Phosphate-Phosphoric Acid |
| title_sort | moisture resistance thermal stability and fire behavior of unsaturated polyester resin modified with l histidinium dihydrogen phosphate phosphoric acid |
| topic | unsaturated polyester resin burning behavior fire retardant thermal stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/4/932 |
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