Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves
The leaf of sweet tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) is widely used as an edible and medicinal plant in China, which is rich in bioactive polysaccharides. In order to explore and promote the application of sweet tea polysaccharides in the functional food industry, the microwave-assist...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1578 |
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| author | Ding-Tao Wu Meng-Xi Fu Huan Guo Yi-Chen Hu Xiao-Qin Zheng Ren-You Gan Liang Zou |
| author_facet | Ding-Tao Wu Meng-Xi Fu Huan Guo Yi-Chen Hu Xiao-Qin Zheng Ren-You Gan Liang Zou |
| author_sort | Ding-Tao Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The leaf of sweet tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) is widely used as an edible and medicinal plant in China, which is rich in bioactive polysaccharides. In order to explore and promote the application of sweet tea polysaccharides in the functional food industry, the microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (MDAE) of polysaccharides from sweet tea leaves was optimized, and the structural properties and biological functions of sweet tea polysaccharides prepared by MDAE (P-DM) were investigated and compared with that of hot water extraction (P-W). The maximum yield (4.16% ± 0.09%, <i>w/w</i>) of P-DM was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (extraction time of 11.0 min, extraction power of 576.0 W, water content in deep eutectic solvent of 21.0%, and liquid–solid ratio of 29.0 mL/g). Additionally, P-DM and P-W possessed similar constituent monosaccharides and glycosidic bonds, and the homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan (AG) might exist in both P-DM and P-W. Notably, the lower molecular weight, higher content of total uronic acids, and higher content of conjugated polyphenols were observed in P-DW compared to P-W, which might contribute to its much stronger in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antiglycation, and prebiotic effects. Besides, both P-DW and P-W exhibited remarkable in vitro immunostimulatory effects. The findings from the present study indicate that the MDAE has good potential to be used for efficient extraction of bioactive polysaccharides from sweet tea leaves and P-DM can be developed as functional food ingredients in the food industry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:02:54Z |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:02:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-df8da6f4b4434165ae7c03c96b030eec2023-12-01T23:20:22ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-08-01118157810.3390/antiox11081578Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) LeavesDing-Tao Wu0Meng-Xi Fu1Huan Guo2Yi-Chen Hu3Xiao-Qin Zheng4Ren-You Gan5Liang Zou6Key Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaResearch Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaResearch Center for Plants and Human Health, Institute of Urban Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610213, ChinaKey Laboratory of Coarse Cereal Processing (Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs), Sichuan Engineering & Technology Research Center of Coarse Cereal Industralization, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, ChinaThe leaf of sweet tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) is widely used as an edible and medicinal plant in China, which is rich in bioactive polysaccharides. In order to explore and promote the application of sweet tea polysaccharides in the functional food industry, the microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction (MDAE) of polysaccharides from sweet tea leaves was optimized, and the structural properties and biological functions of sweet tea polysaccharides prepared by MDAE (P-DM) were investigated and compared with that of hot water extraction (P-W). The maximum yield (4.16% ± 0.09%, <i>w/w</i>) of P-DM was obtained under the optimal extraction conditions (extraction time of 11.0 min, extraction power of 576.0 W, water content in deep eutectic solvent of 21.0%, and liquid–solid ratio of 29.0 mL/g). Additionally, P-DM and P-W possessed similar constituent monosaccharides and glycosidic bonds, and the homogalacturonan (HG) and arabinogalactan (AG) might exist in both P-DM and P-W. Notably, the lower molecular weight, higher content of total uronic acids, and higher content of conjugated polyphenols were observed in P-DW compared to P-W, which might contribute to its much stronger in vitro antioxidant, anti-diabetic, antiglycation, and prebiotic effects. Besides, both P-DW and P-W exhibited remarkable in vitro immunostimulatory effects. The findings from the present study indicate that the MDAE has good potential to be used for efficient extraction of bioactive polysaccharides from sweet tea leaves and P-DM can be developed as functional food ingredients in the food industry.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1578sweet teapolysaccharidemicrowave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extractionphysicochemical characteristicsbiological activity |
| spellingShingle | Ding-Tao Wu Meng-Xi Fu Huan Guo Yi-Chen Hu Xiao-Qin Zheng Ren-You Gan Liang Zou Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves Antioxidants sweet tea polysaccharide microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction physicochemical characteristics biological activity |
| title | Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves |
| title_full | Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves |
| title_short | Microwave-Assisted Deep Eutectic Solvent Extraction, Structural Characteristics, and Biological Functions of Polysaccharides from Sweet Tea (<i>Lithocarpus litseifolius</i>) Leaves |
| title_sort | microwave assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction structural characteristics and biological functions of polysaccharides from sweet tea i lithocarpus litseifolius i leaves |
| topic | sweet tea polysaccharide microwave-assisted deep eutectic solvent extraction physicochemical characteristics biological activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/8/1578 |
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