Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues
This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/e...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3517 |
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| author | Paolo Bollella Evgeny Katz |
| author_facet | Paolo Bollella Evgeny Katz |
| author_sort | Paolo Bollella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:59:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df92378f1b624190b4feed990335cf84 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:59:42Z |
| publishDate | 2020-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-df92378f1b624190b4feed990335cf842023-11-20T04:32:52ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202020-06-012012351710.3390/s20123517Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer IssuesPaolo Bollella0Evgeny Katz1Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY 13699-5810, USADepartment of Chemistry and Biomolecular Science, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, NY 13699-5810, USAThis review summarizes the fundamentals of the phenomenon of electron transfer (ET) reactions occurring in redox enzymes that were widely employed for the development of electroanalytical devices, like biosensors, and enzymatic fuel cells (EFCs). A brief introduction on the ET observed in proteins/enzymes and its paradigms (e.g., classification of ET mechanisms, maximal distance at which is observed direct electron transfer, etc.) are given. Moreover, the theoretical aspects related to direct electron transfer (DET) are resumed as a guideline for newcomers to the field. Snapshots on the ET theory formulated by Rudolph A. Marcus and on the mathematical model used to calculate the ET rate constant formulated by Laviron are provided. Particular attention is devoted to the case of glucose oxidase (GOx) that has been erroneously classified as an enzyme able to transfer electrons directly. Thereafter, all tools available to investigate ET issues are reported addressing the discussions toward the development of new methodology to tackle ET issues. In conclusion, the trends toward upcoming practical applications are suggested as well as some directions in fundamental studies of bioelectrochemistry.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3517enzyme-based biosensorsdirect electron transfer (DET)redox enzymesnanostructured electrodesprotein film voltammetry (PFV) |
| spellingShingle | Paolo Bollella Evgeny Katz Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues Sensors enzyme-based biosensors direct electron transfer (DET) redox enzymes nanostructured electrodes protein film voltammetry (PFV) |
| title | Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues |
| title_full | Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues |
| title_fullStr | Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues |
| title_short | Enzyme-Based Biosensors: Tackling Electron Transfer Issues |
| title_sort | enzyme based biosensors tackling electron transfer issues |
| topic | enzyme-based biosensors direct electron transfer (DET) redox enzymes nanostructured electrodes protein film voltammetry (PFV) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/20/12/3517 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT paolobollella enzymebasedbiosensorstacklingelectrontransferissues AT evgenykatz enzymebasedbiosensorstacklingelectrontransferissues |