Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial
Abstract Smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) applications (apps) might help to counter low utilization rates of available treatments for fear of heights. Demonstration of effectiveness in real-life situations of such apps is crucial, but lacking so far. Objective of this study was to develop a sta...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Nature Portfolio
2021-02-01
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| Series: | npj Digital Medicine |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00387-7 |
| _version_ | 1797641307692204032 |
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| author | Dorothée Bentz Nan Wang Merle K. Ibach Nathalie S. Schicktanz Anja Zimmer Andreas Papassotiropoulos Dominique J. F. de Quervain |
| author_facet | Dorothée Bentz Nan Wang Merle K. Ibach Nathalie S. Schicktanz Anja Zimmer Andreas Papassotiropoulos Dominique J. F. de Quervain |
| author_sort | Dorothée Bentz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) applications (apps) might help to counter low utilization rates of available treatments for fear of heights. Demonstration of effectiveness in real-life situations of such apps is crucial, but lacking so far. Objective of this study was to develop a stand-alone, smartphone-based VR exposure app—Easy Heights—and to test its effectiveness in a real-life situation. We performed a single-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. We recruited 70 participants with fear of heights, aged 18–60 years. Primary outcome was performance in a real-life Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT) on a lookout tower after a single 1-h app use (phase 1) and after additional repeated (6 × 30 min) app use at home (phase 2). After phase 2, but not phase 1, participants in the Easy Heights condition showed significantly higher BAT scores compared to participants in the control condition (Cohen’s d = 1.3, p = 0.0001). Repeated use of our stand-alone, smartphone-based VR exposure app reduces avoidance behavior and fear, providing a low-threshold treatment for fear of heights. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:43:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df946755b8aa43f58ccccc6fe3e2ff24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2398-6352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T13:43:43Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | npj Digital Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-df946755b8aa43f58ccccc6fe3e2ff242023-11-02T11:18:32ZengNature Portfolionpj Digital Medicine2398-63522021-02-01411910.1038/s41746-021-00387-7Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trialDorothée Bentz0Nan Wang1Merle K. Ibach2Nathalie S. Schicktanz3Anja Zimmer4Andreas Papassotiropoulos5Dominique J. F. de Quervain6Division of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselTransfaculty Research Platform, University of BaselDivision of Cognitive Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology, University of BaselAbstract Smartphone-based virtual reality (VR) applications (apps) might help to counter low utilization rates of available treatments for fear of heights. Demonstration of effectiveness in real-life situations of such apps is crucial, but lacking so far. Objective of this study was to develop a stand-alone, smartphone-based VR exposure app—Easy Heights—and to test its effectiveness in a real-life situation. We performed a single-blind, parallel group, randomized controlled trial. We recruited 70 participants with fear of heights, aged 18–60 years. Primary outcome was performance in a real-life Behavioral Avoidance Test (BAT) on a lookout tower after a single 1-h app use (phase 1) and after additional repeated (6 × 30 min) app use at home (phase 2). After phase 2, but not phase 1, participants in the Easy Heights condition showed significantly higher BAT scores compared to participants in the control condition (Cohen’s d = 1.3, p = 0.0001). Repeated use of our stand-alone, smartphone-based VR exposure app reduces avoidance behavior and fear, providing a low-threshold treatment for fear of heights.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00387-7 |
| spellingShingle | Dorothée Bentz Nan Wang Merle K. Ibach Nathalie S. Schicktanz Anja Zimmer Andreas Papassotiropoulos Dominique J. F. de Quervain Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial npj Digital Medicine |
| title | Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial |
| title_full | Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial |
| title_fullStr | Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial |
| title_short | Effectiveness of a stand-alone, smartphone-based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real-life: a randomized trial |
| title_sort | effectiveness of a stand alone smartphone based virtual reality exposure app to reduce fear of heights in real life a randomized trial |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41746-021-00387-7 |
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