Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems
Indirect time-of-flight (ToF) imaging systems enable a broad array of applications owing to their high frame rate, strong durability, and low cost. However, the wiggling-related error caused by the harmonics in the emitted signal significantly affects the range accuracy of indirect ToF imaging syste...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Photonics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/2/170 |
| _version_ | 1797618712691343360 |
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| author | Zhaolin Zheng Ping Song Xuanquan Wang Wuyang Zhang Yunjian Bai |
| author_facet | Zhaolin Zheng Ping Song Xuanquan Wang Wuyang Zhang Yunjian Bai |
| author_sort | Zhaolin Zheng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Indirect time-of-flight (ToF) imaging systems enable a broad array of applications owing to their high frame rate, strong durability, and low cost. However, the wiggling-related error caused by the harmonics in the emitted signal significantly affects the range accuracy of indirect ToF imaging systems. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model of the wiggling-related error and propose a wiggling-related error correction method for indirect ToF imaging systems. This method adds a delay measurement and utilizes raw intensity measurements to evaluate the system state based on an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF), which is easy to implement in most indirect ToF imaging systems. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method performed well in reducing the wiggling-related error and had good robustness in different integration times. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method not only has better performance but also is easier to implement. We believe that this study provides effective guidance for researchers understanding the wiggling-related error and a potential direction for the accuracy improvement of indirect ToF imaging systems. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:16:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df98c1cd09b84bf4891ce0243acf50cb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-6732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:16:16Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Photonics |
| spelling | doaj.art-df98c1cd09b84bf4891ce0243acf50cb2023-11-16T22:45:20ZengMDPI AGPhotonics2304-67322023-02-0110217010.3390/photonics10020170Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging SystemsZhaolin Zheng0Ping Song1Xuanquan Wang2Wuyang Zhang3Yunjian Bai4Key Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaKey Laboratory of Biomimetic Robots and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, ChinaIndirect time-of-flight (ToF) imaging systems enable a broad array of applications owing to their high frame rate, strong durability, and low cost. However, the wiggling-related error caused by the harmonics in the emitted signal significantly affects the range accuracy of indirect ToF imaging systems. In this paper, we establish a mathematical model of the wiggling-related error and propose a wiggling-related error correction method for indirect ToF imaging systems. This method adds a delay measurement and utilizes raw intensity measurements to evaluate the system state based on an adaptive Kalman filter (AKF), which is easy to implement in most indirect ToF imaging systems. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method performed well in reducing the wiggling-related error and had good robustness in different integration times. Compared with the existing methods, the proposed method not only has better performance but also is easier to implement. We believe that this study provides effective guidance for researchers understanding the wiggling-related error and a potential direction for the accuracy improvement of indirect ToF imaging systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/2/170time-of-flightrange accuracywiggling-related errorerror correctionharmonicsadaptive Kalman filter |
| spellingShingle | Zhaolin Zheng Ping Song Xuanquan Wang Wuyang Zhang Yunjian Bai Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems Photonics time-of-flight range accuracy wiggling-related error error correction harmonics adaptive Kalman filter |
| title | Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems |
| title_full | Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems |
| title_fullStr | Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems |
| title_short | Wiggling-Related Error Correction Method for Indirect ToF Imaging Systems |
| title_sort | wiggling related error correction method for indirect tof imaging systems |
| topic | time-of-flight range accuracy wiggling-related error error correction harmonics adaptive Kalman filter |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-6732/10/2/170 |
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