<i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy
Feline leishmaniosis is a worldwide infection caused by the parasite of the genus <i>Leishmania</i> transmitted by sandflies. Based on the complexity of epidemiology and diagnosis of this infection, the role of cats in the epidemiology and clinical impact of disease is still under debate...
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/11/1351 |
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| author | Eva Spada Germano Castelli Federica Bruno Fabrizio Vitale Francesco La Russa Vito Biondi Sara Accettulli Antonella Migliazzo Aurora Rossi Roberta Perego Luciana Baggiani Daniela Proverbio |
| author_facet | Eva Spada Germano Castelli Federica Bruno Fabrizio Vitale Francesco La Russa Vito Biondi Sara Accettulli Antonella Migliazzo Aurora Rossi Roberta Perego Luciana Baggiani Daniela Proverbio |
| author_sort | Eva Spada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Feline leishmaniosis is a worldwide infection caused by the parasite of the genus <i>Leishmania</i> transmitted by sandflies. Based on the complexity of epidemiology and diagnosis of this infection, the role of cats in the epidemiology and clinical impact of disease is still under debate. By using serological and molecular methods, this study aimed to update the epidemiology of the infection in different feline populations from various areas of Italy and to study factors associated with the infection. Of 1490 cats tested, 124 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.9–9.9) were infected, 96 had only specific <i>L. infantum</i> IgG, 18 were only positive for parasite DNA and 10 were both IFAT and qPCR positive. Risk factors for infection were sampling in the winter season (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.2–4.8), originating from the Sicily region (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.0), male gender (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.2), outdoor lifestyle (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–5.6) and seropositivity for FIV antibodies (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2), while sampling in the spring (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.7) and summer (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7), and originating from the Lazio region (OR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.05–0.4) were protective factors for infection. In endemic areas, <i>Leishmania</i> infection should be investigated by using both serological and molecular methods and cats should be protected from sandfly bites, particularly if they are FIV infected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:32:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df98e079c02141129bad5407d79cafd7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:32:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-df98e079c02141129bad5407d79cafd72023-11-24T14:59:52ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172023-11-011211135110.3390/pathogens12111351<i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from ItalyEva Spada0Germano Castelli1Federica Bruno2Fabrizio Vitale3Francesco La Russa4Vito Biondi5Sara Accettulli6Antonella Migliazzo7Aurora Rossi8Roberta Perego9Luciana Baggiani10Daniela Proverbio11Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyCentro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyCentro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyCentro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyCentro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo SS. Annunziata, 98122 Messina, ItalyCentro di Referenza Nazionale per le Leishmaniosi (C.Re.Na.L), Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale (IZS) della Sicilia A. Mirri, Via G. Marinuzzi 3, 90129 Palermo, ItalyDipartimento di Prevenzione UOC Sanità Animale, Igiene degli Allevamenti e delle Produzioni Zootecniche, ASL Latina, 04100 Latina, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyDipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria e Scienze Animali (DIVAS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Via dell’Università 6, 26900 Lodi, ItalyFeline leishmaniosis is a worldwide infection caused by the parasite of the genus <i>Leishmania</i> transmitted by sandflies. Based on the complexity of epidemiology and diagnosis of this infection, the role of cats in the epidemiology and clinical impact of disease is still under debate. By using serological and molecular methods, this study aimed to update the epidemiology of the infection in different feline populations from various areas of Italy and to study factors associated with the infection. Of 1490 cats tested, 124 (8.3%, 95% CI 6.9–9.9) were infected, 96 had only specific <i>L. infantum</i> IgG, 18 were only positive for parasite DNA and 10 were both IFAT and qPCR positive. Risk factors for infection were sampling in the winter season (OR = 3.2, 95% CI 2.2–4.8), originating from the Sicily region (OR = 2.0, 95% CI 1.3–3.0), male gender (OR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.1–3.2), outdoor lifestyle (OR = 2.3, 95% CI 0.9–5.6) and seropositivity for FIV antibodies (OR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.2–4.2), while sampling in the spring (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.3–0.7) and summer (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.1–0.7), and originating from the Lazio region (OR = 0.1, 95% CI 0.05–0.4) were protective factors for infection. In endemic areas, <i>Leishmania</i> infection should be investigated by using both serological and molecular methods and cats should be protected from sandfly bites, particularly if they are FIV infected.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/11/1351<i>Leishmania infantum</i>IFATepidemiologyrisk factorsprotective factorsqPCR |
| spellingShingle | Eva Spada Germano Castelli Federica Bruno Fabrizio Vitale Francesco La Russa Vito Biondi Sara Accettulli Antonella Migliazzo Aurora Rossi Roberta Perego Luciana Baggiani Daniela Proverbio <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy Pathogens <i>Leishmania infantum</i> IFAT epidemiology risk factors protective factors qPCR |
| title | <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy |
| title_full | <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy |
| title_fullStr | <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy |
| title_short | <i>FeliLeish</i>: An Update on Feline Leishmaniosis and Factors Associated with Infection in Different Feline Populations from Italy |
| title_sort | i felileish i an update on feline leishmaniosis and factors associated with infection in different feline populations from italy |
| topic | <i>Leishmania infantum</i> IFAT epidemiology risk factors protective factors qPCR |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/12/11/1351 |
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