Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites
Due to environmental concerns and budgetary constraints associated with synthetic fibers, natural fibers (NFr) are becoming increasingly popular as reinforcement in polymer composites (PCs) for structural components and construction materials. The surface treatment (ST) method is a well-established...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Heliyon |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023072596 |
| _version_ | 1797669802385342464 |
|---|---|
| author | Mohammed Mohammed Jawad K. Oleiwi Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad Jawad Aeshah M. Mohammed Azlin F. Osman Rozyanty Rahman Tijjani Adam Bashir O. Betar Subash C.B. Gopinath Omar S. Dahham |
| author_facet | Mohammed Mohammed Jawad K. Oleiwi Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad Jawad Aeshah M. Mohammed Azlin F. Osman Rozyanty Rahman Tijjani Adam Bashir O. Betar Subash C.B. Gopinath Omar S. Dahham |
| author_sort | Mohammed Mohammed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Due to environmental concerns and budgetary constraints associated with synthetic fibers, natural fibers (NFr) are becoming increasingly popular as reinforcement in polymer composites (PCs) for structural components and construction materials. The surface treatment (ST) method is a well-established technique for enhancing the strength of interfacial bonding between NFr and the polymer matrix (PM). As a result, this research aims to determine the effect of ST with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester (UPE)/kenaf fiber (KF) nanocomposites. The hand lay-up technique was employed to produce KF-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (KF/UPE) for this investigation. UPE/KF-ZnONPs composites were made with varying NFr loadings (weight percent), ranging from 10 to 40%. KF was treated with five distinct amounts of ZnONPs (from 1 to 5% weight percent). According to the findings of the investigation, the composite samples incorporating ZnONPs displayed superior optimum flexural properties compared to the untreated KF composite. It was found that 2% ZnONPs was optimal, and ST with ZnONPs could produce robust KF with improved flexural properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-df9bb6ef96ff4ce4abd6d1caafa98cc9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T20:50:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-df9bb6ef96ff4ce4abd6d1caafa98cc92023-10-01T06:02:24ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402023-09-0199e20051Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocompositesMohammed Mohammed0Jawad K. Oleiwi1Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad Jawad2Aeshah M. Mohammed3Azlin F. Osman4Rozyanty Rahman5Tijjani Adam6Bashir O. Betar7Subash C.B. Gopinath8Omar S. Dahham9Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia.Department of Materials Engineering, University of Technology, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Computer Techniques Engineering, Al-Rafidain University College، Baghdad 10001, IraqUniversity of Bagdad College of Education for Pure Science Ibn-Alhaitham, IraqCenter of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; Corresponding author. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia.Center of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia; Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, MalaysiaFaculty of Electronics Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kampus Uniciti Alam Sg. Chuchuh, 02100 Padang Besar (U), Perlis, MalaysiaResearch Center (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaFaculty of Chemical Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Arau 02600, Perlis, Malaysia; Institute of Nano Electronic Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Perlis, MalaysiaChemical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq; Department of Petroleum and Gas Refinery Engineering, Al-Farabi University College, Baghdad, IraqDue to environmental concerns and budgetary constraints associated with synthetic fibers, natural fibers (NFr) are becoming increasingly popular as reinforcement in polymer composites (PCs) for structural components and construction materials. The surface treatment (ST) method is a well-established technique for enhancing the strength of interfacial bonding between NFr and the polymer matrix (PM). As a result, this research aims to determine the effect of ST with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs) on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester (UPE)/kenaf fiber (KF) nanocomposites. The hand lay-up technique was employed to produce KF-reinforced unsaturated polyester composites (KF/UPE) for this investigation. UPE/KF-ZnONPs composites were made with varying NFr loadings (weight percent), ranging from 10 to 40%. KF was treated with five distinct amounts of ZnONPs (from 1 to 5% weight percent). According to the findings of the investigation, the composite samples incorporating ZnONPs displayed superior optimum flexural properties compared to the untreated KF composite. It was found that 2% ZnONPs was optimal, and ST with ZnONPs could produce robust KF with improved flexural properties.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023072596Natural fiberNanohybridSurface enhancementNanomaterial |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Mohammed Jawad K. Oleiwi Anwar Ja'afar Mohamad Jawad Aeshah M. Mohammed Azlin F. Osman Rozyanty Rahman Tijjani Adam Bashir O. Betar Subash C.B. Gopinath Omar S. Dahham Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites Heliyon Natural fiber Nanohybrid Surface enhancement Nanomaterial |
| title | Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites |
| title_full | Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites |
| title_fullStr | Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites |
| title_short | Effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester/kenaf nanocomposites |
| title_sort | effect of zinc oxide surface treatment concentration and nanofiller loading on the flexural properties of unsaturated polyester kenaf nanocomposites |
| topic | Natural fiber Nanohybrid Surface enhancement Nanomaterial |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844023072596 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mohammedmohammed effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT jawadkoleiwi effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT anwarjaafarmohamadjawad effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT aeshahmmohammed effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT azlinfosman effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT rozyantyrahman effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT tijjaniadam effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT bashirobetar effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT subashcbgopinath effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites AT omarsdahham effectofzincoxidesurfacetreatmentconcentrationandnanofillerloadingontheflexuralpropertiesofunsaturatedpolyesterkenafnanocomposites |