Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole
<p>Indole (ind) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic volatile organic compound commonly emitted from animal husbandry and from different plants like maize with global emissions of 0.1 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The chemical compos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/2639/2024/acp-24-2639-2024.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797291668883374080 |
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| author | F. Jiang F. Jiang K. Siemens C. Linke Y. Li Y. Gong T. Leisner T. Leisner A. Laskin A. Laskin H. Saathoff |
| author_facet | F. Jiang F. Jiang K. Siemens C. Linke Y. Li Y. Gong T. Leisner T. Leisner A. Laskin A. Laskin H. Saathoff |
| author_sort | F. Jiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Indole (ind) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic volatile organic compound commonly emitted from animal husbandry and from different plants like maize with global emissions of 0.1 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The chemical composition and optical properties of indole secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) are still not well understood. To address this, environmental chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation of indole at atmospherically relevant concentrations of selected oxidants (OH radicals and O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) with or without NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>. In the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, the SOA yields decreased by more than a factor of 2, but the mass absorption coefficient at 365 nm (MAC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>) of ind-SOA was 4.3 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.4 m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> g<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, which was 5 times higher than that in experiments without NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>. In the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>8</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> (identified as 3-nitroindole) contributed 76 % to all organic compounds detected by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer, contributing <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 50 % of the light absorption at 365 nm (Abs<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>). In the absence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, the dominating chromophore was C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>8</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>7</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>N, contributing to 20 %–30 % of Abs<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>. Indole contributes substantially to the formation of secondary BrC and its potential impact on the atmospheric radiative transfer is further enhanced in the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, as it significantly increases the specific light absorption of ind-SOA by facilitating the formation of 3-nitroindole. This work provides new insights into an important process of brown carbon formation by interaction of two pollutants, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and indole, mainly emitted by anthropogenic activities.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:39:42Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:39:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
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| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-df9ff5bd46b9411c9c7c7ecb49b5d5e82024-02-29T06:02:18ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242024-02-01242639264910.5194/acp-24-2639-2024Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indoleF. Jiang0F. Jiang1K. Siemens2C. Linke3Y. Li4Y. Gong5T. Leisner6T. Leisner7A. Laskin8A. Laskin9H. Saathoff10Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Applied Geosciences, Working Group for Environmental Mineralogy and Environmental System Analysis, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76131 Karlsruhe, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United StatesInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics, Heidelberg University, 69120 Heidelberg, GermanyDepartment of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United StatesDepartment of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, United StatesInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 76344 Eggenstein–Leopoldshafen, Germany<p>Indole (ind) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic volatile organic compound commonly emitted from animal husbandry and from different plants like maize with global emissions of 0.1 Tg yr<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>. The chemical composition and optical properties of indole secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and brown carbon (BrC) are still not well understood. To address this, environmental chamber experiments were conducted to investigate the oxidation of indole at atmospherically relevant concentrations of selected oxidants (OH radicals and O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>) with or without NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>. In the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, the SOA yields decreased by more than a factor of 2, but the mass absorption coefficient at 365 nm (MAC<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>) of ind-SOA was 4.3 <span class="inline-formula">±</span> 0.4 m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>2</sup></span> g<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−1</sup></span>, which was 5 times higher than that in experiments without NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>. In the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>8</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>6</sub></span>N<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> (identified as 3-nitroindole) contributed 76 % to all organic compounds detected by a chemical ionization mass spectrometer, contributing <span class="inline-formula">∼</span> 50 % of the light absorption at 365 nm (Abs<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>). In the absence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, the dominating chromophore was C<span class="inline-formula"><sub>8</sub></span>H<span class="inline-formula"><sub>7</sub></span>O<span class="inline-formula"><sub>3</sub></span>N, contributing to 20 %–30 % of Abs<span class="inline-formula"><sub>365</sub></span>. Indole contributes substantially to the formation of secondary BrC and its potential impact on the atmospheric radiative transfer is further enhanced in the presence of NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, as it significantly increases the specific light absorption of ind-SOA by facilitating the formation of 3-nitroindole. This work provides new insights into an important process of brown carbon formation by interaction of two pollutants, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> and indole, mainly emitted by anthropogenic activities.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/2639/2024/acp-24-2639-2024.pdf |
| spellingShingle | F. Jiang F. Jiang K. Siemens C. Linke Y. Li Y. Gong T. Leisner T. Leisner A. Laskin A. Laskin H. Saathoff Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| title_full | Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| title_fullStr | Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| title_short | Molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| title_sort | molecular analysis of secondary organic aerosol and brown carbon from the oxidation of indole |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/24/2639/2024/acp-24-2639-2024.pdf |
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