Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project
Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) based permanent magnets are indispensable in today’s technology-driven society. Moreover, their use is likely to increase since they are key in clean energy applications such as wind turbines, hybrid/electric vehicles, and electric bikes. They contain critical raw materi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Materials Proceedings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4605/5/1/74 |
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| author | Fernando Coelho Shoshan Abrahami Yongxiang Yang Benjamin Sprecher Zhijie Li Nour-Eddine Menad Kathy Bru Thibaut Marcon Cyril Rado Boris Saje Marie-Lise Sablayrolles Virginie Decottignies |
| author_facet | Fernando Coelho Shoshan Abrahami Yongxiang Yang Benjamin Sprecher Zhijie Li Nour-Eddine Menad Kathy Bru Thibaut Marcon Cyril Rado Boris Saje Marie-Lise Sablayrolles Virginie Decottignies |
| author_sort | Fernando Coelho |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Neodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) based permanent magnets are indispensable in today’s technology-driven society. Moreover, their use is likely to increase since they are key in clean energy applications such as wind turbines, hybrid/electric vehicles, and electric bikes. They contain critical raw materials as rare earth elements are used. Indeed, permanent magnets are considered strategic materials by the EU, and their recycling represents a potential secondary supply to decrease the import dependence. The VALOMAG project is developing a technical solution to recover rare earth (RE) based permanent magnets by dismantling end-of-life (EoL) products such as computer hard disc drives, electric motors, and generators from electric vehicles and wind turbines. It also assesses two short loop recycling technologies: Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) or Hydrogenation–Disproportionation–Desorption–Recombination (HDDR) and strip-casting for high and medium quality magnet wastes; and hydrometallurgical processes for EoL low-quality magnets. Moreover, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Process Integration with a Flowsheet simulation tool will integrate the whole recycling value chain (collection, dismantling, physical and chemical treatment options, and re-manufacturing) and assess the environmental impact and processes efficiency. A market study on the types and expected future quantities for the scrap magnets and the characterisation of the EoL magnets from hard disc drives (HDD) will be presented as preliminary results. Pre-treatment and sorting of 2.5 tons of NdFeB magnets scraps were carried out, and the two short loop recycling routes and the hydrometallurgical route are under investigation at the lab and pilot scale. The results will be used to develop a process integration and to assess the three routes through LCA. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:14:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfa41b6185e94277aed8ba65cf9d0740 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4605 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:14:30Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials Proceedings |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfa41b6185e94277aed8ba65cf9d07402023-11-17T12:24:49ZengMDPI AGMaterials Proceedings2673-46052021-12-01517410.3390/materproc2021005074Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG ProjectFernando Coelho0Shoshan Abrahami1Yongxiang Yang2Benjamin Sprecher3Zhijie Li4Nour-Eddine Menad5Kathy Bru6Thibaut Marcon7Cyril Rado8Boris Saje9Marie-Lise Sablayrolles10Virginie Decottignies11Department of Materials Science and Engineering, T.U. Delft, 2628 CD Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, T.U. Delft, 2628 CD Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Materials Science and Engineering, T.U. Delft, 2628 CD Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Sustainable Design Engineering, T.U. Delft, 2628 CD Delft, The NetherlandsInstitute of Environmental Sciences (CML), Leiden University, 2333 CC Leiden, The NetherlandsBureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM), 45060 Orléans, FranceBureau de recherches géologiques et minières (BRGM), 45060 Orléans, FranceCRM Group, 4000 Liège, BelgiumCEA (Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives), 38000 Grenoble, FranceKolektor, 5280 Idrija, SloveniaSUEZ, 92040 Courbevoie, FranceSUEZ, 92040 Courbevoie, FranceNeodymium-Iron-Boron (NdFeB) based permanent magnets are indispensable in today’s technology-driven society. Moreover, their use is likely to increase since they are key in clean energy applications such as wind turbines, hybrid/electric vehicles, and electric bikes. They contain critical raw materials as rare earth elements are used. Indeed, permanent magnets are considered strategic materials by the EU, and their recycling represents a potential secondary supply to decrease the import dependence. The VALOMAG project is developing a technical solution to recover rare earth (RE) based permanent magnets by dismantling end-of-life (EoL) products such as computer hard disc drives, electric motors, and generators from electric vehicles and wind turbines. It also assesses two short loop recycling technologies: Hydrogen Decrepitation (HD) or Hydrogenation–Disproportionation–Desorption–Recombination (HDDR) and strip-casting for high and medium quality magnet wastes; and hydrometallurgical processes for EoL low-quality magnets. Moreover, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Process Integration with a Flowsheet simulation tool will integrate the whole recycling value chain (collection, dismantling, physical and chemical treatment options, and re-manufacturing) and assess the environmental impact and processes efficiency. A market study on the types and expected future quantities for the scrap magnets and the characterisation of the EoL magnets from hard disc drives (HDD) will be presented as preliminary results. Pre-treatment and sorting of 2.5 tons of NdFeB magnets scraps were carried out, and the two short loop recycling routes and the hydrometallurgical route are under investigation at the lab and pilot scale. The results will be used to develop a process integration and to assess the three routes through LCA.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4605/5/1/74NdFeBmagnetscritical raw materialsdismantlingrecycling |
| spellingShingle | Fernando Coelho Shoshan Abrahami Yongxiang Yang Benjamin Sprecher Zhijie Li Nour-Eddine Menad Kathy Bru Thibaut Marcon Cyril Rado Boris Saje Marie-Lise Sablayrolles Virginie Decottignies Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project Materials Proceedings NdFeB magnets critical raw materials dismantling recycling |
| title | Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project |
| title_full | Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project |
| title_fullStr | Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project |
| title_full_unstemmed | Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project |
| title_short | Upscaling of Permanent Magnet Dismantling and Recycling through VALOMAG Project |
| title_sort | upscaling of permanent magnet dismantling and recycling through valomag project |
| topic | NdFeB magnets critical raw materials dismantling recycling |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4605/5/1/74 |
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