Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple
Flower bud formation in the apple tree life cycle is associated with multiple biological processes. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the protein and metabolite changes in buds with different flowering capabilities, axillary buds with no flowering (Ab), long-shoot buds...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-11-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3959 |
| _version_ | 1827592137832660992 |
|---|---|
| author | Shujin Wang Xiaoping Chen Sitong Liu Xiaochen Zhang Yu Li Wei Shang Jiahui Song Jianwen Tian Xiaolong Li Libo Xing |
| author_facet | Shujin Wang Xiaoping Chen Sitong Liu Xiaochen Zhang Yu Li Wei Shang Jiahui Song Jianwen Tian Xiaolong Li Libo Xing |
| author_sort | Shujin Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Flower bud formation in the apple tree life cycle is associated with multiple biological processes. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the protein and metabolite changes in buds with different flowering capabilities, axillary buds with no flowering (Ab), long-shoot buds with a low flowering rate (Lb), and spur buds with a higher flowering rate than the Lb (Sb) were analyzed using a Tandem Mass Tag™ proteomic technique in combination with nLC–MS/MS analyses. We identified 471 (88 up- and 383 down-regulated), 459 (176 up- and 283 down-regulated), and 548 (387 up- and 161 down-regulated) differentially expressed proteins in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively, that were involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid transport, and metabolism. Additionally, 110 (91 increased and 19 decreased), 89 (71 increased and 18 decreased), and 99 (37 increased and 62 decreased) metabolites having significantly different levels were identified in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively. The identified metabolites were related to amino acids and their isoforms, sugars and polyols, and organic acids, and occurred at significantly greater levels in the Sbs than the other buds. Thus, flower bud formation is a complex process that involves various biochemical materials and signals, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and their isoforms, and organic acids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfaab0f42f7540a78c8e80d01ab598f8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:45:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfaab0f42f7540a78c8e80d01ab598f82023-12-08T15:23:46ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472023-11-011223395910.3390/plants12233959Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in AppleShujin Wang0Xiaoping Chen1Sitong Liu2Xiaochen Zhang3Yu Li4Wei Shang5Jiahui Song6Jianwen Tian7Xiaolong Li8Libo Xing9College of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Institute of Horticulture, Yinchuan 750002, ChinaNingxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Institute of Horticulture, Yinchuan 750002, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, Northwest A & F University, Xianyang 712100, ChinaFlower bud formation in the apple tree life cycle is associated with multiple biological processes. To explore the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying the protein and metabolite changes in buds with different flowering capabilities, axillary buds with no flowering (Ab), long-shoot buds with a low flowering rate (Lb), and spur buds with a higher flowering rate than the Lb (Sb) were analyzed using a Tandem Mass Tag™ proteomic technique in combination with nLC–MS/MS analyses. We identified 471 (88 up- and 383 down-regulated), 459 (176 up- and 283 down-regulated), and 548 (387 up- and 161 down-regulated) differentially expressed proteins in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively, that were involved in carbohydrate, amino acid and lipid transport, and metabolism. Additionally, 110 (91 increased and 19 decreased), 89 (71 increased and 18 decreased), and 99 (37 increased and 62 decreased) metabolites having significantly different levels were identified in Sb vs. Lb, Sb vs. Ab, and Lb vs. Ab, respectively. The identified metabolites were related to amino acids and their isoforms, sugars and polyols, and organic acids, and occurred at significantly greater levels in the Sbs than the other buds. Thus, flower bud formation is a complex process that involves various biochemical materials and signals, such as carbohydrates, amino acids and their isoforms, and organic acids.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3959applefloweringproteomicmetabolomiccarbohydrateamino acid |
| spellingShingle | Shujin Wang Xiaoping Chen Sitong Liu Xiaochen Zhang Yu Li Wei Shang Jiahui Song Jianwen Tian Xiaolong Li Libo Xing Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple Plants apple flowering proteomic metabolomic carbohydrate amino acid |
| title | Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple |
| title_full | Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple |
| title_short | Comparative Proteomic and Metabonomic Profiling of Buds with Different Flowering Capabilities Reveal Novel Regulatory Mechanisms of Flowering in Apple |
| title_sort | comparative proteomic and metabonomic profiling of buds with different flowering capabilities reveal novel regulatory mechanisms of flowering in apple |
| topic | apple flowering proteomic metabolomic carbohydrate amino acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/12/23/3959 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT shujinwang comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT xiaopingchen comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT sitongliu comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT xiaochenzhang comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT yuli comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT weishang comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT jiahuisong comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT jianwentian comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT xiaolongli comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple AT liboxing comparativeproteomicandmetabonomicprofilingofbudswithdifferentfloweringcapabilitiesrevealnovelregulatorymechanismsoffloweringinapple |