Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food
Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assess...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2018-12-01
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| Series: | EFSA Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194 |
| _version_ | 1818741007612641280 |
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| author | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Bruce Cottrill Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle P Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Christiane Vleminckx Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Laurent Bodin Jean‐Pierre Cravedi Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson Line Småstuen Haug Niklas Johansson Henk van Loveren Petra Gergelova Karen Mackay Sara Levorato Mathijs vanManen Tanja Schwerdtle |
| author_facet | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Bruce Cottrill Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle P Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Christiane Vleminckx Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Laurent Bodin Jean‐Pierre Cravedi Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson Line Småstuen Haug Niklas Johansson Henk van Loveren Petra Gergelova Karen Mackay Sara Levorato Mathijs vanManen Tanja Schwerdtle |
| author_sort | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were ‘Fish and other seafood’, ‘Meat and meat products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’, for PFOS, and ‘Milk and dairy products’, ‘Drinking water’ and ‘Fish and other seafood’ for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half‐lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2–4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health‐based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:49:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfb56dde45f0418796cbaa5111aa7c4e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1831-4732 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:49:47Z |
| publishDate | 2018-12-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | EFSA Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfb56dde45f0418796cbaa5111aa7c4e2022-12-21T21:25:05ZengWileyEFSA Journal1831-47322018-12-011612n/an/a10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in foodEFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM)Helle Katrine KnutsenJan AlexanderLars BarregårdMargherita BignamiBeat BrüschweilerSandra CeccatelliBruce CottrillMichael DinoviLutz EdlerBettina Grasl‐KrauppChrister HogstrandLaurentius (Ron) HoogenboomCarlo Stefano NebbiaIsabelle P OswaldAnnette PetersenMartin RoseAlain‐Claude RoudotChristiane VleminckxGünter VollmerHeather WallaceLaurent BodinJean‐Pierre CravediThorhallur Ingi HalldorssonLine Småstuen HaugNiklas JohanssonHenk van LoverenPetra GergelovaKaren MackaySara LevoratoMathijs vanManenTanja SchwerdtleAbstract The European Commission asked EFSA for a scientific evaluation on the risks to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in food. Regarding PFOS and PFOA occurrence, the final data set available for dietary exposure assessment contained a total of 20,019 analytical results (PFOS n = 10,191 and PFOA n = 9,828). There were large differences between upper and lower bound exposure due to analytical methods with insufficient sensitivity. The CONTAM Panel considered the lower bound estimates to be closer to true exposure levels. Important contributors to the lower bound mean chronic exposure were ‘Fish and other seafood’, ‘Meat and meat products’ and ‘Eggs and egg products’, for PFOS, and ‘Milk and dairy products’, ‘Drinking water’ and ‘Fish and other seafood’ for PFOA. PFOS and PFOA are readily absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, excreted in urine and faeces, and do not undergo metabolism. Estimated human half‐lives for PFOS and PFOA are about 5 years and 2–4 years, respectively. The derivation of a health‐based guidance value was based on human epidemiological studies. For PFOS, the increase in serum total cholesterol in adults, and the decrease in antibody response at vaccination in children were identified as the critical effects. For PFOA, the increase in serum total cholesterol was the critical effect. Also reduced birth weight (for both compounds) and increased prevalence of high serum levels of the liver enzyme alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (for PFOA) were considered. After benchmark modelling of serum levels of PFOS and PFOA, and estimating the corresponding daily intakes, the CONTAM Panel established a tolerable weekly intake (TWI) of 13 ng/kg body weight (bw) per week for PFOS and 6 ng/kg bw per week for PFOA. For both compounds, exposure of a considerable proportion of the population exceeds the proposed TWIs.https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194PFOSPFOAfoodexposureBMDPBPK |
| spellingShingle | EFSA Panel on Contaminants in the Food Chain (CONTAM) Helle Katrine Knutsen Jan Alexander Lars Barregård Margherita Bignami Beat Brüschweiler Sandra Ceccatelli Bruce Cottrill Michael Dinovi Lutz Edler Bettina Grasl‐Kraupp Christer Hogstrand Laurentius (Ron) Hoogenboom Carlo Stefano Nebbia Isabelle P Oswald Annette Petersen Martin Rose Alain‐Claude Roudot Christiane Vleminckx Günter Vollmer Heather Wallace Laurent Bodin Jean‐Pierre Cravedi Thorhallur Ingi Halldorsson Line Småstuen Haug Niklas Johansson Henk van Loveren Petra Gergelova Karen Mackay Sara Levorato Mathijs vanManen Tanja Schwerdtle Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food EFSA Journal PFOS PFOA food exposure BMD PBPK |
| title | Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| title_full | Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| title_fullStr | Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| title_short | Risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| title_sort | risk to human health related to the presence of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid and perfluorooctanoic acid in food |
| topic | PFOS PFOA food exposure BMD PBPK |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5194 |
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