Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics
Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is tightly controlled at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of gene sets involved i...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | Cells |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/1979 |
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| author | Prashanta Silwal Seungwha Paik Sang Min Jeon Eun-Kyeong Jo |
| author_facet | Prashanta Silwal Seungwha Paik Sang Min Jeon Eun-Kyeong Jo |
| author_sort | Prashanta Silwal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Autophagy is an intracellular process that targets intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is tightly controlled at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of gene sets involved in, for example, metabolic and immune homeostasis. Several NRs show promise as host-directed anti-infectives through the modulation of autophagy activities by their natural ligands or small molecules (agonists/antagonists). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of NRs (vitamin D receptors, estrogen receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in linking immunity and autophagy during infection. We also discuss the potential of emerging NRs (REV-ERBs, retinoic acid receptors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors) as candidate antimicrobials. The identification of novel roles and mechanisms for NRs will enable the development of autophagy-adjunctive therapeutics for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfbd71abdbb945b983fe8e11fd23630b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4409 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:46:17Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cells |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfbd71abdbb945b983fe8e11fd23630b2023-11-20T11:39:09ZengMDPI AGCells2073-44092020-08-0199197910.3390/cells9091979Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial TherapeuticsPrashanta Silwal0Seungwha Paik1Sang Min Jeon2Eun-Kyeong Jo3Department of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, KoreaDepartment of Microbiology, Chungnam National University School of Medicine, Daejeon 35015, KoreaAutophagy is an intracellular process that targets intracellular pathogens for lysosomal degradation. Autophagy is tightly controlled at transcriptional and post-translational levels. Nuclear receptors (NRs) are a family of transcriptional factors that regulate the expression of gene sets involved in, for example, metabolic and immune homeostasis. Several NRs show promise as host-directed anti-infectives through the modulation of autophagy activities by their natural ligands or small molecules (agonists/antagonists). Here, we review the roles and mechanisms of NRs (vitamin D receptors, estrogen receptors, estrogen-related receptors, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors) in linking immunity and autophagy during infection. We also discuss the potential of emerging NRs (REV-ERBs, retinoic acid receptors, retinoic acid-related orphan receptors, liver X receptors, farnesoid X receptors, and thyroid hormone receptors) as candidate antimicrobials. The identification of novel roles and mechanisms for NRs will enable the development of autophagy-adjunctive therapeutics for emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/1979nuclear receptorsautophagyinfectionshost defense |
| spellingShingle | Prashanta Silwal Seungwha Paik Sang Min Jeon Eun-Kyeong Jo Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics Cells nuclear receptors autophagy infections host defense |
| title | Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics |
| title_full | Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics |
| title_fullStr | Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics |
| title_short | Nuclear Receptors as Autophagy-Based Antimicrobial Therapeutics |
| title_sort | nuclear receptors as autophagy based antimicrobial therapeutics |
| topic | nuclear receptors autophagy infections host defense |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/9/9/1979 |
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