The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) causes severe morbidity and mortality, and the number of IFD cases is increasing. Exposure to opportunistic fungal pathogens is inevitable, but not all patients with underlying diseases increasing susceptibility to IFD, develop it. IFD diagnosis currently uses fungal bi...
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| Aineistotyyppi: | Artikkeli |
| Kieli: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Sarja: | Journal of Fungi |
| Aiheet: | |
| Linkit: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1307 |
| _version_ | 1827638211757735936 |
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| author | James S. Griffiths Selinda J. Orr Charles Oliver Morton Juergen Loeffler P. Lewis White |
| author_facet | James S. Griffiths Selinda J. Orr Charles Oliver Morton Juergen Loeffler P. Lewis White |
| author_sort | James S. Griffiths |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Invasive fungal disease (IFD) causes severe morbidity and mortality, and the number of IFD cases is increasing. Exposure to opportunistic fungal pathogens is inevitable, but not all patients with underlying diseases increasing susceptibility to IFD, develop it. IFD diagnosis currently uses fungal biomarkers and clinical risk/presentation to stratify high-risk patients and classifies them into possible, probable, and proven IFD. However, the fungal species responsible for IFD are highly diverse and present numerous diagnostic challenges, which culminates in the empirical anti-fungal treatment of patients at risk of IFD. Recent studies have focussed on host-derived biomarkers that may mediate IFD risk and can be used to predict, and even identify IFD. The identification of novel host genetic variants, host gene expression changes, and host protein expression (cytokines and chemokines) associated with increased risk of IFD has enhanced our understanding of why only some patients at risk of IFD actually develop disease. Furthermore, these host biomarkers when incorporated into predictive models alongside conventional diagnostic techniques enhance predictive and diagnostic results. Once validated in larger studies, host biomarkers associated with IFD may optimize the clinical management of populations at risk of IFD. This review will summarise the latest developments in the identification of host biomarkers for IFD, their use in predictive modelling and their potential application/usefulness for informing clinical decisions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfc366db02bd449abde7bfd9a5bc62d0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:14:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfc366db02bd449abde7bfd9a5bc62d02023-11-24T16:00:14ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2022-12-01812130710.3390/jof8121307The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal DiseaseJames S. Griffiths0Selinda J. Orr1Charles Oliver Morton2Juergen Loeffler3P. Lewis White4Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London WC2R 2LS, UKWellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UKSchool of Science, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW 2751, AustraliaDepartment of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97070 Würzburg, GermanyPublic Health Wales, Microbiology Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Heath Park, Cardiff CF14 4XW, UKInvasive fungal disease (IFD) causes severe morbidity and mortality, and the number of IFD cases is increasing. Exposure to opportunistic fungal pathogens is inevitable, but not all patients with underlying diseases increasing susceptibility to IFD, develop it. IFD diagnosis currently uses fungal biomarkers and clinical risk/presentation to stratify high-risk patients and classifies them into possible, probable, and proven IFD. However, the fungal species responsible for IFD are highly diverse and present numerous diagnostic challenges, which culminates in the empirical anti-fungal treatment of patients at risk of IFD. Recent studies have focussed on host-derived biomarkers that may mediate IFD risk and can be used to predict, and even identify IFD. The identification of novel host genetic variants, host gene expression changes, and host protein expression (cytokines and chemokines) associated with increased risk of IFD has enhanced our understanding of why only some patients at risk of IFD actually develop disease. Furthermore, these host biomarkers when incorporated into predictive models alongside conventional diagnostic techniques enhance predictive and diagnostic results. Once validated in larger studies, host biomarkers associated with IFD may optimize the clinical management of populations at risk of IFD. This review will summarise the latest developments in the identification of host biomarkers for IFD, their use in predictive modelling and their potential application/usefulness for informing clinical decisions.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1307invasive fungal diseasehost biomarkersgenomicstranscriptomicsproteomicsfungal diagnostics |
| spellingShingle | James S. Griffiths Selinda J. Orr Charles Oliver Morton Juergen Loeffler P. Lewis White The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease Journal of Fungi invasive fungal disease host biomarkers genomics transcriptomics proteomics fungal diagnostics |
| title | The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease |
| title_full | The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease |
| title_fullStr | The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease |
| title_short | The Use of Host Biomarkers for the Management of Invasive Fungal Disease |
| title_sort | use of host biomarkers for the management of invasive fungal disease |
| topic | invasive fungal disease host biomarkers genomics transcriptomics proteomics fungal diagnostics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/8/12/1307 |
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