Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota
The root of Platycodon grandiflorus (PG), abundant in soluble polysaccharides, has a long history in traditional Asian diets and herbal medicine due to its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-obesity effects. Our previous study was the first to establish a link between the beneficial effects of PG a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223011095 |
| _version_ | 1797686896837525504 |
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| author | Weixin Ke Kate Jade Flay Xiaoning Huang Xiaosong Hu Fang Chen Chunbao Li Dan Aaron Yang |
| author_facet | Weixin Ke Kate Jade Flay Xiaoning Huang Xiaosong Hu Fang Chen Chunbao Li Dan Aaron Yang |
| author_sort | Weixin Ke |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The root of Platycodon grandiflorus (PG), abundant in soluble polysaccharides, has a long history in traditional Asian diets and herbal medicine due to its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-obesity effects. Our previous study was the first to establish a link between the beneficial effects of PG and changes in the gut microbiota, and suggested potential roles that the polysaccharide components play. However, more evidence was needed to understand the anti-obesity functions of polysaccharides from PG (PS) and their relationship with the regulation of the gut microbiota. In this study, we first performed an experiment to explore the anti-obesity activities of PS: Male C57BL/6 mice (six-weeks-old) were fed either a standard control diet (CON), or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, or a HFD supplemented with PS (HFPS) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout. Lipid metabolism were determined and related gene expression changes in adipose tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene was used to explore gut microbiota structure in fecal samples. Then, we performed the second experiment to explore whether the anti-obesity activities of PS were dependent on the regulation of the gut microbiota: Male C57BL/6 mice (six-weeks-old), treated with an antibiotic cocktail to reduce the gut microbial load, were fed either a HFD (A-HFD) or a HFPS (A-HFPS) diet for 8 weeks. Finally, we used in vitro fermentation experiments to verify the effects of PS on the growth and metabolic activities of the gut microbes. We found that PS significantly reduced HFD-induced weight gain and excessive fat accumulation, changed the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism, and attenuated HFD-induced changes in the gut microbiota. However, PS did not affect fat accumulation or lipid metabolism in the gut microbiota depleted mice. Overall, our results show that PS has significant effects on the gut microbiota in the mouse model, and the anti-obesity effects of PS are mediated via changes in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:11:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfd8489b1854466bab19a82c4db232d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0753-3322 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T01:11:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfd8489b1854466bab19a82c4db232d42023-09-14T04:52:37ZengElsevierBiomedicine & Pharmacotherapy0753-33222023-10-01166115318Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiotaWeixin Ke0Kate Jade Flay1Xiaoning Huang2Xiaosong Hu3Fang Chen4Chunbao Li5Dan Aaron Yang6College of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon 999077, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of ChinaDepartment of bioengineering, University of Illinois at Urbana, Champaign 61801, USANational Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaNational Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Laboratory of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, ChinaCollege of Food Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; National Center of Meat Quality and Safety Control, Nanjing 210095, China; National Key Laboratory of Meat Quality Control and New Resource, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Corresponding author.The root of Platycodon grandiflorus (PG), abundant in soluble polysaccharides, has a long history in traditional Asian diets and herbal medicine due to its anti-inflammatory activity and anti-obesity effects. Our previous study was the first to establish a link between the beneficial effects of PG and changes in the gut microbiota, and suggested potential roles that the polysaccharide components play. However, more evidence was needed to understand the anti-obesity functions of polysaccharides from PG (PS) and their relationship with the regulation of the gut microbiota. In this study, we first performed an experiment to explore the anti-obesity activities of PS: Male C57BL/6 mice (six-weeks-old) were fed either a standard control diet (CON), or a high-fat diet (HFD) to induce obesity, or a HFD supplemented with PS (HFPS) for 8 weeks. Body weight and food intake were monitored throughout. Lipid metabolism were determined and related gene expression changes in adipose tissues were analyzed by RNA-seq. Amplicon sequencing of the bacterial 16 S rRNA gene was used to explore gut microbiota structure in fecal samples. Then, we performed the second experiment to explore whether the anti-obesity activities of PS were dependent on the regulation of the gut microbiota: Male C57BL/6 mice (six-weeks-old), treated with an antibiotic cocktail to reduce the gut microbial load, were fed either a HFD (A-HFD) or a HFPS (A-HFPS) diet for 8 weeks. Finally, we used in vitro fermentation experiments to verify the effects of PS on the growth and metabolic activities of the gut microbes. We found that PS significantly reduced HFD-induced weight gain and excessive fat accumulation, changed the expression of key genes involved in lipid metabolism, and attenuated HFD-induced changes in the gut microbiota. However, PS did not affect fat accumulation or lipid metabolism in the gut microbiota depleted mice. Overall, our results show that PS has significant effects on the gut microbiota in the mouse model, and the anti-obesity effects of PS are mediated via changes in the gut microbiota composition and metabolic activity.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223011095ObesityHigh-fat dietPPAR signaling pathwayGut microbiotaAntibiotic treatment |
| spellingShingle | Weixin Ke Kate Jade Flay Xiaoning Huang Xiaosong Hu Fang Chen Chunbao Li Dan Aaron Yang Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy Obesity High-fat diet PPAR signaling pathway Gut microbiota Antibiotic treatment |
| title | Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| title_full | Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| title_short | Polysaccharides from Platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high-fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| title_sort | polysaccharides from platycodon grandiflorus attenuates high fat diet induced obesity in mice through targeting gut microbiota |
| topic | Obesity High-fat diet PPAR signaling pathway Gut microbiota Antibiotic treatment |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332223011095 |
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