Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol
Considering the need of applicability of green chemistry in research, a series of heterogeneous catalysts, viz., sulfated iron oxide, zirconia supported tungstophosphoric acid and sulfated zirconia have been synthesized by a solvent-free method. The prepared catalysts were used in the esterification...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
De Gruyter
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Green Processing and Synthesis |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2015-0087 |
| _version_ | 1819290311906557952 |
|---|---|
| author | Kaur Kamalpreet Jain Pranjal Sobti Amit Toor Amrit Pal |
| author_facet | Kaur Kamalpreet Jain Pranjal Sobti Amit Toor Amrit Pal |
| author_sort | Kaur Kamalpreet |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Considering the need of applicability of green chemistry in research, a series of heterogeneous catalysts, viz., sulfated iron oxide, zirconia supported tungstophosphoric acid and sulfated zirconia have been synthesized by a solvent-free method. The prepared catalysts were used in the esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol and were compared with ion exchange resins for the assessment of their catalytic performance. Sulfated iron oxide was found to be best with an acid conversion of 83%, which is quite comparable with Amberlyst 15 and Dowex50Wx2. The high catalyst loading, cost, low thermal stability, and long reaction time make ion exchange resins uneconomical to use over other alternatives that result in same efficiency with low cost. Sulfated iron oxide was further optimized for its preparation conditions for high catalytic performance in the esterification reaction. The catalysts were characterized for their crystallinity, surface morphology, composition, weight loss, and structure by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluated catalysts were compared on the basis of their preparation time, catalytic performance, catalyst loading, reaction time, and overall cost. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:20:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfd88cc3559e48d8959f407e36ce9c85 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2191-9542 2191-9550 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-24T03:20:44Z |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | De Gruyter |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Green Processing and Synthesis |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfd88cc3559e48d8959f407e36ce9c852022-12-21T17:17:31ZengDe GruyterGreen Processing and Synthesis2191-95422191-95502016-01-01519310010.1515/gps-2015-0087Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanolKaur Kamalpreet0Jain Pranjal1Sobti Amit2Toor Amrit PalDr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Dr SSBUICET Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaDr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Dr SSBUICET Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaDr. S.S. Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Panjab University, Dr SSBUICET Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, IndiaConsidering the need of applicability of green chemistry in research, a series of heterogeneous catalysts, viz., sulfated iron oxide, zirconia supported tungstophosphoric acid and sulfated zirconia have been synthesized by a solvent-free method. The prepared catalysts were used in the esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol and were compared with ion exchange resins for the assessment of their catalytic performance. Sulfated iron oxide was found to be best with an acid conversion of 83%, which is quite comparable with Amberlyst 15 and Dowex50Wx2. The high catalyst loading, cost, low thermal stability, and long reaction time make ion exchange resins uneconomical to use over other alternatives that result in same efficiency with low cost. Sulfated iron oxide was further optimized for its preparation conditions for high catalytic performance in the esterification reaction. The catalysts were characterized for their crystallinity, surface morphology, composition, weight loss, and structure by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The evaluated catalysts were compared on the basis of their preparation time, catalytic performance, catalyst loading, reaction time, and overall cost.https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2015-0087esterificationgreen chemistrymethanolnonanoic acidsulfated iron oxide |
| spellingShingle | Kaur Kamalpreet Jain Pranjal Sobti Amit Toor Amrit Pal Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol Green Processing and Synthesis esterification green chemistry methanol nonanoic acid sulfated iron oxide |
| title | Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| title_full | Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| title_fullStr | Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| title_short | Sulfated metal oxides: eco-friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| title_sort | sulfated metal oxides eco friendly green catalysts for esterification of nonanoic acid with methanol |
| topic | esterification green chemistry methanol nonanoic acid sulfated iron oxide |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2015-0087 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kaurkamalpreet sulfatedmetaloxidesecofriendlygreencatalystsforesterificationofnonanoicacidwithmethanol AT jainpranjal sulfatedmetaloxidesecofriendlygreencatalystsforesterificationofnonanoicacidwithmethanol AT sobtiamit sulfatedmetaloxidesecofriendlygreencatalystsforesterificationofnonanoicacidwithmethanol AT tooramritpal sulfatedmetaloxidesecofriendlygreencatalystsforesterificationofnonanoicacidwithmethanol |