Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin
Soil elemental stoichiometry, expressed as the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), regulates the biogeochemical processes of elements in terrestrial ecosystems. Generally, the soil C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics of agricultural ecosystems may be different from those of natur...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/2/484 |
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| author | Chonggang Liu Jiangye Li Wei Sun Yan Gao Zhuyun Yu Yue Dong Pingxing Li |
| author_facet | Chonggang Liu Jiangye Li Wei Sun Yan Gao Zhuyun Yu Yue Dong Pingxing Li |
| author_sort | Chonggang Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soil elemental stoichiometry, expressed as the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), regulates the biogeochemical processes of elements in terrestrial ecosystems. Generally, the soil C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics of agricultural ecosystems may be different from those of natural ecosystems, with distinct temporal and spatial variations along with the alterations of agricultural land use types (LUTs). The balance of soil C, N, and P reflected by their stoichiometry is primarily important to microbial activity and sustainable agricultural development. However, information on soil stoichiometric changes after long-term alterations in land use is still lacking. We characterized the temporal and spatial changes in soil elemental stoichiometry coupled with alterations in agricultural LUTs in the Taihu Lake basin. By using the ArcGIS method and meta-data analysis, our results showed that the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of agricultural soil in the Taihu Lake basin were much lower than the well-constrained values based on samples from forest, shrubland, and grassland at a global scale. Generally, these elemental ratios in soils increased from the 1980s to the 2000s, after experiencing changes from agricultural to other land use. The soil C:N:P stoichiometry may have maintained the increasing trend according to the meta-data analysis from the 341 peer-reviewed publications since 2010. Nevertheless, different regions showed inconsistent change patterns, with the Tianmu Mountain area surrounding the downstream of the Taihu Lake basin experiencing a reduction in those ratios. The changes in LUTs and their corresponding management practices were the major drivers shaping the spatial and temporal distributions of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P. Paddy soil generally achieved higher C sequestration potential due to more straw input and a more rapid transfer of straw C into soil C in the upstream of the Taihu Lake basin than other land use types. These results provide valuable information for the agricultural system of intensive cultivation on how their soil elemental stoichiometry characteristics vary temporally and spatially due to the alteration of agricultural land use types. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:22Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:18:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfe97a6f6058456dab01757f7e53c3362023-11-16T18:31:52ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-02-0113248410.3390/agriculture13020484Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake BasinChonggang Liu0Jiangye Li1Wei Sun2Yan Gao3Zhuyun Yu4Yue Dong5Pingxing Li6Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaNanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaInstitute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaHebei Province Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Conservation, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, ChinaScientific Research Base Administration Office, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 210014, ChinaNanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaSoil elemental stoichiometry, expressed as the ratios of carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P), regulates the biogeochemical processes of elements in terrestrial ecosystems. Generally, the soil C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics of agricultural ecosystems may be different from those of natural ecosystems, with distinct temporal and spatial variations along with the alterations of agricultural land use types (LUTs). The balance of soil C, N, and P reflected by their stoichiometry is primarily important to microbial activity and sustainable agricultural development. However, information on soil stoichiometric changes after long-term alterations in land use is still lacking. We characterized the temporal and spatial changes in soil elemental stoichiometry coupled with alterations in agricultural LUTs in the Taihu Lake basin. By using the ArcGIS method and meta-data analysis, our results showed that the C:N, C:P, and N:P ratios of agricultural soil in the Taihu Lake basin were much lower than the well-constrained values based on samples from forest, shrubland, and grassland at a global scale. Generally, these elemental ratios in soils increased from the 1980s to the 2000s, after experiencing changes from agricultural to other land use. The soil C:N:P stoichiometry may have maintained the increasing trend according to the meta-data analysis from the 341 peer-reviewed publications since 2010. Nevertheless, different regions showed inconsistent change patterns, with the Tianmu Mountain area surrounding the downstream of the Taihu Lake basin experiencing a reduction in those ratios. The changes in LUTs and their corresponding management practices were the major drivers shaping the spatial and temporal distributions of soil C:N, C:P, and N:P. Paddy soil generally achieved higher C sequestration potential due to more straw input and a more rapid transfer of straw C into soil C in the upstream of the Taihu Lake basin than other land use types. These results provide valuable information for the agricultural system of intensive cultivation on how their soil elemental stoichiometry characteristics vary temporally and spatially due to the alteration of agricultural land use types.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/2/484temporal-spatial distributionsC:N:P stoichiometry characteristicsland use type changessustainable agricultural developmentC sequestration |
| spellingShingle | Chonggang Liu Jiangye Li Wei Sun Yan Gao Zhuyun Yu Yue Dong Pingxing Li Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin Agriculture temporal-spatial distributions C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics land use type changes sustainable agricultural development C sequestration |
| title | Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin |
| title_full | Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin |
| title_fullStr | Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin |
| title_short | Temporal and Spatial Variations in Soil Elemental Stoichiometry Coupled with Alterations in Agricultural Land Use Types in the Taihu Lake Basin |
| title_sort | temporal and spatial variations in soil elemental stoichiometry coupled with alterations in agricultural land use types in the taihu lake basin |
| topic | temporal-spatial distributions C:N:P stoichiometry characteristics land use type changes sustainable agricultural development C sequestration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/13/2/484 |
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