Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse
Abstract In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to detect ethyl glucuronide (EtG), which is a biomarker for monitoring alcohol consumption, and naltrexone (NTX), 6β-naltrexol (6βNTX), chlordiazepoxide (CDP), and norchlordiazepoxide (norCDP), w...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-022-00315-8 |
| _version_ | 1818976961884585984 |
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| author | Yeong Eun Sim Ji Woo Kim Beom Jun Ko Jin Young Kim |
| author_facet | Yeong Eun Sim Ji Woo Kim Beom Jun Ko Jin Young Kim |
| author_sort | Yeong Eun Sim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to detect ethyl glucuronide (EtG), which is a biomarker for monitoring alcohol consumption, and naltrexone (NTX), 6β-naltrexol (6βNTX), chlordiazepoxide (CDP), and norchlordiazepoxide (norCDP), which are analyzed to confirm the presence of medications for alcohol dependence treatment. The protein precipitation method was conducted to rapidly prepare samples. LC–MS/MS analysis was performed in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The analytes were separated using a Scherzo SM-C18 (2.0 × 100 mm, 3 µm) column. The calibration ranges were 5–1000 ng/mL for EtG, 6βNTX, CDP, and norCDP, and 1–100 ng/mL for NTX, with the correlation coefficients (r) being ≥ 0.994, and the weighting factor being 1/x 2. The lower limit of quantification was 1–5 ng/mL. The method was also validated for precision, accuracy, selectivity, dilution integrity, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of EtG, NTX, 6βNTX, CDP, and norCDP in urine samples obtained from 49 probationers who received alcohol dependence treatment orders. The method developed herein can be used to monitor the drug-based treatment of alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption during the treatment of individuals under probation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:20:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dfea7e0616df4ac39a24e10f73c51999 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2093-3371 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T16:20:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Analytical Science and Technology |
| spelling | doaj.art-dfea7e0616df4ac39a24e10f73c519992022-12-21T19:33:40ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Analytical Science and Technology2093-33712022-02-0113111010.1186/s40543-022-00315-8Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuseYeong Eun Sim0Ji Woo Kim1Beom Jun Ko2Jin Young Kim3Forensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeForensic Genetics and Chemistry Division, Supreme Prosecutors’ OfficeAbstract In this study, a liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) method was developed to detect ethyl glucuronide (EtG), which is a biomarker for monitoring alcohol consumption, and naltrexone (NTX), 6β-naltrexol (6βNTX), chlordiazepoxide (CDP), and norchlordiazepoxide (norCDP), which are analyzed to confirm the presence of medications for alcohol dependence treatment. The protein precipitation method was conducted to rapidly prepare samples. LC–MS/MS analysis was performed in the multiple-reaction monitoring mode. The analytes were separated using a Scherzo SM-C18 (2.0 × 100 mm, 3 µm) column. The calibration ranges were 5–1000 ng/mL for EtG, 6βNTX, CDP, and norCDP, and 1–100 ng/mL for NTX, with the correlation coefficients (r) being ≥ 0.994, and the weighting factor being 1/x 2. The lower limit of quantification was 1–5 ng/mL. The method was also validated for precision, accuracy, selectivity, dilution integrity, recovery, matrix effect, and stability. The developed method was successfully applied for the determination of EtG, NTX, 6βNTX, CDP, and norCDP in urine samples obtained from 49 probationers who received alcohol dependence treatment orders. The method developed herein can be used to monitor the drug-based treatment of alcohol abuse and alcohol consumption during the treatment of individuals under probation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-022-00315-8Alcohol abuseEthyl glucuronideNaltrexoneChlordiazepoxideUrineLC–MS/MS |
| spellingShingle | Yeong Eun Sim Ji Woo Kim Beom Jun Ko Jin Young Kim Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse Journal of Analytical Science and Technology Alcohol abuse Ethyl glucuronide Naltrexone Chlordiazepoxide Urine LC–MS/MS |
| title | Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| title_full | Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| title_fullStr | Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| title_short | Rapid and simple LC–MS/MS determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide, naltrexone, 6β-naltrexol, chlordiazepoxide, and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| title_sort | rapid and simple lc ms ms determination of urinary ethyl glucuronide naltrexone 6β naltrexol chlordiazepoxide and norchlordiazepoxide for monitoring alcohol abuse |
| topic | Alcohol abuse Ethyl glucuronide Naltrexone Chlordiazepoxide Urine LC–MS/MS |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40543-022-00315-8 |
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