The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration
The formation of silver particles as initial catalyst for the electroless copper deposition is an essential part of the formation of conductive structures in flexible electronics. In this work, we have investigated the basic mechanism using the citrate anion for the fixation of silver species and la...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-07-01
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| Series: | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223002654 |
| _version_ | 1797837128715993088 |
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| author | Christian Biermaier Carolin Gleißner Thomas Bechtold Tung Pham |
| author_facet | Christian Biermaier Carolin Gleißner Thomas Bechtold Tung Pham |
| author_sort | Christian Biermaier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The formation of silver particles as initial catalyst for the electroless copper deposition is an essential part of the formation of conductive structures in flexible electronics. In this work, we have investigated the basic mechanism using the citrate anion for the fixation of silver species and later metal catalyst formation directly on a textile substrates surface. During the particle formation process and the subsequent electroless copper deposition, silver changes its oxidation state several times. While the decomposition of bulk silver citrate leads to silver metal, the distribution on the substrate surface leads to silver oxide due to the oxidation under air. Finally, the reducing conditions in the copper deposition step, i.e. alkaline formaldehyde, convert any silver-ion to silver metal. In parallel, the thermal decomposition of silver citrate also forms CO2 and hexane-2,5-dione. The latter is the result of an auto oxidation reaction similar to Kolbe electrolysis, i.e. symmetrical radical recombination of two acetonyl radicals remaining from the decarboxylated citrate scaffold. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:20:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-dff1aaa97e5f4dec8f73955b815c9a4b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1878-5352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T15:20:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Arabian Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj.art-dff1aaa97e5f4dec8f73955b815c9a4b2023-04-29T14:48:56ZengElsevierArabian Journal of Chemistry1878-53522023-07-01167104803The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic considerationChristian Biermaier0Carolin Gleißner1Thomas Bechtold2Tung Pham3Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaResearch Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaResearch Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaCorresponding author.; Research Institute of Textile Chemistry and Textile Physics, University of Innsbruck, Austria, Hoechsterstrasse 73, 6850 Dornbirn, AustriaThe formation of silver particles as initial catalyst for the electroless copper deposition is an essential part of the formation of conductive structures in flexible electronics. In this work, we have investigated the basic mechanism using the citrate anion for the fixation of silver species and later metal catalyst formation directly on a textile substrates surface. During the particle formation process and the subsequent electroless copper deposition, silver changes its oxidation state several times. While the decomposition of bulk silver citrate leads to silver metal, the distribution on the substrate surface leads to silver oxide due to the oxidation under air. Finally, the reducing conditions in the copper deposition step, i.e. alkaline formaldehyde, convert any silver-ion to silver metal. In parallel, the thermal decomposition of silver citrate also forms CO2 and hexane-2,5-dione. The latter is the result of an auto oxidation reaction similar to Kolbe electrolysis, i.e. symmetrical radical recombination of two acetonyl radicals remaining from the decarboxylated citrate scaffold.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223002654Silver catalystTollens’ reactionElectroless copper depositionHeterogeneous catalyst formationKolbe electrolysis |
| spellingShingle | Christian Biermaier Carolin Gleißner Thomas Bechtold Tung Pham The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration Arabian Journal of Chemistry Silver catalyst Tollens’ reaction Electroless copper deposition Heterogeneous catalyst formation Kolbe electrolysis |
| title | The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration |
| title_full | The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration |
| title_fullStr | The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration |
| title_full_unstemmed | The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration |
| title_short | The role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation: A mechanistic consideration |
| title_sort | role of citrate in heterogeneous silver metal catalyst formation a mechanistic consideration |
| topic | Silver catalyst Tollens’ reaction Electroless copper deposition Heterogeneous catalyst formation Kolbe electrolysis |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878535223002654 |
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