Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?
Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines such as phosphatidylcholine, choline, betaine, or L-carnitine. Fish intake provides a direct significant source of TMAO. Human obse...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-05-01
|
| Series: | Nutrients |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1330 |
| _version_ | 1797568709380800512 |
|---|---|
| author | Christopher Papandreou Margret Moré Aouatef Bellamine |
| author_facet | Christopher Papandreou Margret Moré Aouatef Bellamine |
| author_sort | Christopher Papandreou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines such as phosphatidylcholine, choline, betaine, or L-carnitine. Fish intake provides a direct significant source of TMAO. Human observational studies previously reported a positive relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic diseases. Discrepancies and inconsistencies of recent investigations and previous studies questioned the role of TMAO in these diseases. Several animal studies reported neutral or even beneficial effects of TMAO or its precursors in cardiovascular disease model systems, supporting the clinically proven beneficial effects of its precursor, L-carnitine, or a sea-food rich diet (naturally containing TMAO) on cardiometabolic health. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and epidemiological evidence on the effects of TMAO, in order to shed some light on the role of TMAO in cardiometabolic diseases, particularly as related to the microbiome. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:59:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0037cf9ec22491384b41f8c1e8e3691 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:59:49Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0037cf9ec22491384b41f8c1e8e36912023-11-19T23:40:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432020-05-01125133010.3390/nu12051330Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect?Christopher Papandreou0Margret Moré1Aouatef Bellamine2Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43204 Reus, SpainAnalyze & Realize GmbH, 13467 Berlin, GermanyLonza LLC, Morristown, NJ 07960, USATrimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is generated in a microbial-mammalian co-metabolic pathway mainly from the digestion of meat-containing food and dietary quaternary amines such as phosphatidylcholine, choline, betaine, or L-carnitine. Fish intake provides a direct significant source of TMAO. Human observational studies previously reported a positive relationship between plasma TMAO concentrations and cardiometabolic diseases. Discrepancies and inconsistencies of recent investigations and previous studies questioned the role of TMAO in these diseases. Several animal studies reported neutral or even beneficial effects of TMAO or its precursors in cardiovascular disease model systems, supporting the clinically proven beneficial effects of its precursor, L-carnitine, or a sea-food rich diet (naturally containing TMAO) on cardiometabolic health. In this review, we summarize recent preclinical and epidemiological evidence on the effects of TMAO, in order to shed some light on the role of TMAO in cardiometabolic diseases, particularly as related to the microbiome.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1330trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO)cardiovascular diseasetype 2 diabetesatherosclerosiscardiometabolic healthcause‒effect relationship |
| spellingShingle | Christopher Papandreou Margret Moré Aouatef Bellamine Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? Nutrients trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis cardiometabolic health cause‒effect relationship |
| title | Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? |
| title_full | Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? |
| title_fullStr | Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? |
| title_short | Trimethylamine N-Oxide in Relation to Cardiometabolic Health—Cause or Effect? |
| title_sort | trimethylamine n oxide in relation to cardiometabolic health cause or effect |
| topic | trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) cardiovascular disease type 2 diabetes atherosclerosis cardiometabolic health cause‒effect relationship |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/12/5/1330 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT christopherpapandreou trimethylaminenoxideinrelationtocardiometabolichealthcauseoreffect AT margretmore trimethylaminenoxideinrelationtocardiometabolichealthcauseoreffect AT aouatefbellamine trimethylaminenoxideinrelationtocardiometabolichealthcauseoreffect |