The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors
The raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/235 |
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| author | Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas Marina Galicia-Moreno Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez Jesús García-Bañuelos Arturo Santos Juan Armendariz-Borunda |
| author_facet | Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas Marina Galicia-Moreno Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez Jesús García-Bañuelos Arturo Santos Juan Armendariz-Borunda |
| author_sort | Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are involved in atherosclerosis, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, which lead to cardiac dysfunction. CVDs are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In obesity, visceral and epicardial adipose tissue generate inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by <i>Nfe2l2</i> gene) protects against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. NRF2 participates in the regulation of cell inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, including the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed environments. NRF2 is downregulated in diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. <i>Nfe2l2</i> knockout mice develop structural and functional cardiac alterations, and NRF2 deficiency in macrophages increases atherosclerosis. Given the endothelial and cardiac protective effects of NRF2 in experimental models, its activation using pharmacological or natural products is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and CVDs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role of NRF2 in obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:45:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e00707cd1f484dfb84d4aad49645925d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:45:56Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e00707cd1f484dfb84d4aad49645925d2023-11-23T18:30:33ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212022-01-0111223510.3390/antiox11020235The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk FactorsJorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas0Marina Galicia-Moreno1Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez2Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez3Jesús García-Bañuelos4Arturo Santos5Juan Armendariz-Borunda6Department of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoTecnologico de Monterrey, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Campus Guadalajara, Zapopan 45201, JAL, MexicoDepartment of Molecular Biology and Genomics, Institute for Molecular Biology in Medicine and Gene Therapy, CUCS, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, JAL, MexicoThe raising prevalence of obesity is associated with an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), particularly coronary artery disease (CAD), and heart failure, including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias and sudden death. Obesity contributes directly to incident cardiovascular risk factors, including hyperglycemia or diabetes, dyslipidemia, and hypertension, which are involved in atherosclerosis, including structural and functional cardiac alterations, which lead to cardiac dysfunction. CVDs are the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In obesity, visceral and epicardial adipose tissue generate inflammatory cytokines and reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce oxidative stress and contribute to the pathogenesis of CVDs. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2; encoded by <i>Nfe2l2</i> gene) protects against oxidative stress and electrophilic stress. NRF2 participates in the regulation of cell inflammatory responses and lipid metabolism, including the expression of over 1000 genes in the cell under normal and stressed environments. NRF2 is downregulated in diabetes, hypertension, and inflammation. <i>Nfe2l2</i> knockout mice develop structural and functional cardiac alterations, and NRF2 deficiency in macrophages increases atherosclerosis. Given the endothelial and cardiac protective effects of NRF2 in experimental models, its activation using pharmacological or natural products is a promising therapeutic approach for obesity and CVDs. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current knowledge on the role of NRF2 in obesity-associated cardiovascular risk factors.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/235NRF2obesitycardiovascular risk factorsinflammationoxidative stresscardiac dysfunction |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Gutiérrez-Cuevas Marina Galicia-Moreno Hugo Christian Monroy-Ramírez Ana Sandoval-Rodriguez Jesús García-Bañuelos Arturo Santos Juan Armendariz-Borunda The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors Antioxidants NRF2 obesity cardiovascular risk factors inflammation oxidative stress cardiac dysfunction |
| title | The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| title_full | The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| title_fullStr | The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| title_short | The Role of NRF2 in Obesity-Associated Cardiovascular Risk Factors |
| title_sort | role of nrf2 in obesity associated cardiovascular risk factors |
| topic | NRF2 obesity cardiovascular risk factors inflammation oxidative stress cardiac dysfunction |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/11/2/235 |
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