Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application
Nowadays, drug delivery systems (DDSs) are gaining more and more attention. Conducting polymers (CPs) are efficiently used for DDS construction as such systems can be used in therapy. In this research, a well-known CP, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized in the presence of the polysaccharide heparin...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1531 |
| _version_ | 1797212258996060160 |
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| author | Sara Krawczyk Sylwia Golba Cristina Neves João Tedim |
| author_facet | Sara Krawczyk Sylwia Golba Cristina Neves João Tedim |
| author_sort | Sara Krawczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nowadays, drug delivery systems (DDSs) are gaining more and more attention. Conducting polymers (CPs) are efficiently used for DDS construction as such systems can be used in therapy. In this research, a well-known CP, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized in the presence of the polysaccharide heparin (HEP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as electrolyte on a steel substrate. The obtained results demonstrate the successful incorporation of CPZ and HEP into the polymer matrix, with the deposited films maintaining stable electrochemical parameters across multiple doping/dedoping cycles. Surface roughness, estimated via AFM analysis, revealed a correlation with layer thickness—decreasing for thinner layers and increasing for thicker ones. Moreover, SEM images revealed a change in the morphology of PPy films when PPy is electropolymerized in the presence of CPZ and HEP, while FTIR confirmed the presence of CPZ and HEP within PPy. Due to its lower molecular mass compared to HEP, CPZ was readily integrated into the thin polymer matrix during deposition, with diffusion being unimpeded, as opposed to films with greater thickness. Finally, the resulting system exhibited the ability to release CPZ, enabling a dosing range of 10 mg to 20 mg per day, effectively covering the therapeutic concentration range. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:39:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e00bdabbc8584454b79e9004b2a92085 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:39:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-e00bdabbc8584454b79e9004b2a920852024-04-12T13:23:19ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-03-01297153110.3390/molecules29071531Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological ApplicationSara Krawczyk0Sylwia Golba1Cristina Neves2João Tedim3Department of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, Doctoral School, University of Silesia, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Science and Technology, Institute of Materials Engineering, Bankowa 14, 40-007 Katowice, PolandDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalDepartment of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, Centre for Research in Ceramics and Composite Materials (CICECO), University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, PortugalNowadays, drug delivery systems (DDSs) are gaining more and more attention. Conducting polymers (CPs) are efficiently used for DDS construction as such systems can be used in therapy. In this research, a well-known CP, polypyrrole (PPy), was synthesized in the presence of the polysaccharide heparin (HEP) and chlorpromazine (CPZ) using sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as electrolyte on a steel substrate. The obtained results demonstrate the successful incorporation of CPZ and HEP into the polymer matrix, with the deposited films maintaining stable electrochemical parameters across multiple doping/dedoping cycles. Surface roughness, estimated via AFM analysis, revealed a correlation with layer thickness—decreasing for thinner layers and increasing for thicker ones. Moreover, SEM images revealed a change in the morphology of PPy films when PPy is electropolymerized in the presence of CPZ and HEP, while FTIR confirmed the presence of CPZ and HEP within PPy. Due to its lower molecular mass compared to HEP, CPZ was readily integrated into the thin polymer matrix during deposition, with diffusion being unimpeded, as opposed to films with greater thickness. Finally, the resulting system exhibited the ability to release CPZ, enabling a dosing range of 10 mg to 20 mg per day, effectively covering the therapeutic concentration range.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1531drug delivery systemconducting polymerspolypyrrolephenothiazine derivativesheparin |
| spellingShingle | Sara Krawczyk Sylwia Golba Cristina Neves João Tedim Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application Molecules drug delivery system conducting polymers polypyrrole phenothiazine derivatives heparin |
| title | Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application |
| title_full | Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application |
| title_fullStr | Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application |
| title_short | Chlorpromazine–Polypyrrole Drug Delivery System Tailored for Neurological Application |
| title_sort | chlorpromazine polypyrrole drug delivery system tailored for neurological application |
| topic | drug delivery system conducting polymers polypyrrole phenothiazine derivatives heparin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/7/1531 |
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