| Summary: | Perilla leaves are known to be a rich source of polyphenols, which have been shown to exhibit various biological effects. This study aimed to compare the bioefficacies and bioactivities of fresh (PLE<sub>f</sub>) and dry (PLE<sub>d</sub>) Thai perilla (Nga-mon) leaf extracts. Phytochemical analysis indicated that both PLE<sub>f</sub> and PLE<sub>d</sub> were abundant in rosmarinic acid and bioactive phenolic compounds. PLE<sub>d</sub>, which had higher levels of rosmarinic acid but lower levels of ferulic acid and luteolin than PLE<sub>f</sub>, exhibited greater effectiveness in a free radical scavenging assay. Furthermore, both extracts were found to suppress intracellular ROS generation and exhibit antimutagenic activity against food-borne carcinogens in <i>S. typhimurium</i>. They also attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in RAW 264.7 cells by inhibiting the expression of nitric oxide, iNOS, COX-2, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 through the suppression of NF-κB activation and translocation. However, PLE<sub>f</sub> exhibited a higher ability to suppress cellular ROS production and higher antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory activities than PLE<sub>d</sub>, which can be attributed to its combination of phytochemical components. Overall, PLE<sub>f</sub> and PLE<sub>d</sub> have the potential to serve as natural bioactive antioxidant, antimutagenic, and anti-inflammatory agents to achieve potential health benefits.
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