Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV; Aphthovirus, Picornaviridae), is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed domestic livestock and wildlife species worldwide. Subsequent to the clinical phase of FMD, a large proportion of FMDV-infected ruminants...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2018-07-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2018.00174/full |
| _version_ | 1819169831645085696 |
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| author | Miranda R. Bertram Miranda R. Bertram Le T. Vu Steven J. Pauszek Barbara P. Brito Barbara P. Brito Ethan J. Hartwig George R. Smoliga Bui H. Hoang Nguyen T. Phuong Carolina Stenfeldt Carolina Stenfeldt Ian H. Fish Ian H. Fish Vo V. Hung Amy Delgado Kimberley VanderWaal Luis L. Rodriguez Ngo T. Long Do H. Dung Jonathan Arzt |
| author_facet | Miranda R. Bertram Miranda R. Bertram Le T. Vu Steven J. Pauszek Barbara P. Brito Barbara P. Brito Ethan J. Hartwig George R. Smoliga Bui H. Hoang Nguyen T. Phuong Carolina Stenfeldt Carolina Stenfeldt Ian H. Fish Ian H. Fish Vo V. Hung Amy Delgado Kimberley VanderWaal Luis L. Rodriguez Ngo T. Long Do H. Dung Jonathan Arzt |
| author_sort | Miranda R. Bertram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV; Aphthovirus, Picornaviridae), is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed domestic livestock and wildlife species worldwide. Subsequent to the clinical phase of FMD, a large proportion of FMDV-infected ruminants become persistently infected carriers, defined by detection of FMDV in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples 28 days or more post-infection. The goal of this prospective study was to characterize the FMD carrier state in cattle subsequent to natural infection under typical husbandry practices in Vietnam. Ten persistently infected cattle on eight farms in the Long An province in southern Vietnam were monitored by monthly screening of serum and oropharyngeal fluid samples for 12 months. To assess transmission from FMDV carriers, 16 naïve cattle were intentionally brought into direct contact with the persistently infected animals for 6 months, and were monitored by clinical and laboratory methods. The restricted mean duration of the FMD carrier state was 27.7 months, and the rate of decrease of the proportion of carrier animals was 0.03 per month. There was no evidence of transmission to naïve animals throughout the study period. Additionally, there was no detection of FMDV infection or seroconversion in three calves born to carrier animals during the study. The force of infection for carrier-to-contact transmission was 0 per month, with upper 95% confidence limit of 0.064 per month. Phylogenetic analysis of viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences obtained from carriers indicated that all viruses recovered in this study belonged to the O/ME-SA/PanAsia lineage, and grouped phylogenetically with temporally and geographically related viruses. Analysis of within-host evolution of FMDV, based upon full-length open reading frame sequences recovered from consecutive samples from one animal, indicated that most of the non-synonymous changes occurred in Lpro, VP2, and VP3 protein coding regions. This study suggests that the duration of FMDV persistent infection in cattle may be longer than previously recognized, but the risk of transmission is low. Additional novel insights are provided into within-host viral evolution under natural conditions in an endemic setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:25:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e020eb8c431444daa9847a795b580173 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T19:25:45Z |
| publishDate | 2018-07-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-e020eb8c431444daa9847a795b5801732022-12-21T18:15:16ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692018-07-01510.3389/fvets.2018.00174399274Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in VietnamMiranda R. Bertram0Miranda R. Bertram1Le T. Vu2Steven J. Pauszek3Barbara P. Brito4Barbara P. Brito5Ethan J. Hartwig6George R. Smoliga7Bui H. Hoang8Nguyen T. Phuong9Carolina Stenfeldt10Carolina Stenfeldt11Ian H. Fish12Ian H. Fish13Vo V. Hung14Amy Delgado15Kimberley VanderWaal16Luis L. Rodriguez17Ngo T. Long18Do H. Dung19Jonathan Arzt20Foreign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesPlum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesRegional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesPlum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesRegional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamRegional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesSTEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesPlum Island Animal Disease Center Research Participation Program, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education, Oak Ridge, TN, United StatesRegional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamMonitoring and Modeling, Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health, APHIS, USDA, Fort Collins, CO, United StatesSTEMMA Laboratory, Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United StatesForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesRegional Animal Health Office No. 6, Department of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Animal Health, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development, Hanoi, VietnamForeign Animal Disease Research Unit, Plum Island Animal Disease Center, Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Orient Point, NY, United StatesFoot-and-mouth disease (FMD), caused by FMD virus (FMDV; Aphthovirus, Picornaviridae), is a highly contagious and economically important disease of cloven-hoofed domestic livestock and wildlife species worldwide. Subsequent to the clinical phase of FMD, a large proportion of FMDV-infected ruminants become persistently infected carriers, defined by detection of FMDV in oropharyngeal fluid (OPF) samples 28 days or more post-infection. The goal of this prospective study was to characterize the FMD carrier state in cattle subsequent to natural infection under typical husbandry practices in Vietnam. Ten persistently infected cattle on eight farms in the Long An province in southern Vietnam were monitored by monthly screening of serum and oropharyngeal fluid samples for 12 months. To assess transmission from FMDV carriers, 16 naïve cattle were intentionally brought into direct contact with the persistently infected animals for 6 months, and were monitored by clinical and laboratory methods. The restricted mean duration of the FMD carrier state was 27.7 months, and the rate of decrease of the proportion of carrier animals was 0.03 per month. There was no evidence of transmission to naïve animals throughout the study period. Additionally, there was no detection of FMDV infection or seroconversion in three calves born to carrier animals during the study. The force of infection for carrier-to-contact transmission was 0 per month, with upper 95% confidence limit of 0.064 per month. Phylogenetic analysis of viral protein 1 (VP1) coding sequences obtained from carriers indicated that all viruses recovered in this study belonged to the O/ME-SA/PanAsia lineage, and grouped phylogenetically with temporally and geographically related viruses. Analysis of within-host evolution of FMDV, based upon full-length open reading frame sequences recovered from consecutive samples from one animal, indicated that most of the non-synonymous changes occurred in Lpro, VP2, and VP3 protein coding regions. This study suggests that the duration of FMDV persistent infection in cattle may be longer than previously recognized, but the risk of transmission is low. Additional novel insights are provided into within-host viral evolution under natural conditions in an endemic setting.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2018.00174/fullfoot-and-mouth disease virusFMDcarrierssentinelstransmissionduration of carrier state |
| spellingShingle | Miranda R. Bertram Miranda R. Bertram Le T. Vu Steven J. Pauszek Barbara P. Brito Barbara P. Brito Ethan J. Hartwig George R. Smoliga Bui H. Hoang Nguyen T. Phuong Carolina Stenfeldt Carolina Stenfeldt Ian H. Fish Ian H. Fish Vo V. Hung Amy Delgado Kimberley VanderWaal Luis L. Rodriguez Ngo T. Long Do H. Dung Jonathan Arzt Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam Frontiers in Veterinary Science foot-and-mouth disease virus FMD carriers sentinels transmission duration of carrier state |
| title | Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam |
| title_full | Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam |
| title_fullStr | Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam |
| title_short | Lack of Transmission of Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus From Persistently Infected Cattle to Naïve Cattle Under Field Conditions in Vietnam |
| title_sort | lack of transmission of foot and mouth disease virus from persistently infected cattle to naive cattle under field conditions in vietnam |
| topic | foot-and-mouth disease virus FMD carriers sentinels transmission duration of carrier state |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fvets.2018.00174/full |
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