Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset
Understanding the spatio-temporal variations in the frost-free period (FFP) and the number of frost days (FD) is beneficial to reduce the harmful effects of climate change on agricultural production and enhancing agricultural adaptation. However, the spatio-temporal variations in FFP and FD and thei...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2400 |
| _version_ | 1797495991049388032 |
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| author | Hongyuan Li Guohua Liu Chuntan Han Yong Yang Rensheng Chen |
| author_facet | Hongyuan Li Guohua Liu Chuntan Han Yong Yang Rensheng Chen |
| author_sort | Hongyuan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Understanding the spatio-temporal variations in the frost-free period (FFP) and the number of frost days (FD) is beneficial to reduce the harmful effects of climate change on agricultural production and enhancing agricultural adaptation. However, the spatio-temporal variations in FFP and FD and their response to climate change remain unclear across China. To investigate the impact of climate change on FFP and FD, the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China from 1950 to 2020 were quantified using ERA5-Land, a reanalysis dataset with high spatial and temporal resolution. The results showed that ERA5-Land has good applicability in quantifying the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China under climate change. The spatial distribution of multi-year average FFP and FD across China showed significant latitudinal zonality and altitude dependence, i.e., FFP decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, while FD increased with increasing latitude and altitude. As a result of climate warming across China, the FFP showed an increasing trend with an increase rate of 1.25 d/10a and the maximum increasing rate of FFP in the individual region was 6.2 d/10a, while the FD showed a decreasing trend with a decrease rate of 1.41 d/10a and the maximum decreasing rate of FD in the individual region was −6.7 d/10a. Among the five major climate zones in China, the subtropical monsoon climate zone (SUMZ) with the greatest increasing rate of 1.73 d/10a in FFP, while the temperate monsoon climate zone (TEMZ) with the greatest decreasing rate of −1.72 d/10a in FD. In addition, the coefficient of variation (C<sub>v</sub>) of FFP showed greater variability at higher altitudes, while the C<sub>v</sub> of FD showed greater variability at lower latitudes in southern China. Without considering the adaptation to temperature of crops, a general increase in FFP and a general decrease in FD were both beneficial to agricultural production in terms of FFP and FD promoting a longer growing period and reducing frost damage on crops. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the trends and variations in FFP and FD under climate change, which is of great scientific significance for the adjustment of the agricultural production layout to adapt to climate change in China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e02118abc14c453487a32539b9f9d131 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:57:20Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-e02118abc14c453487a32539b9f9d1312023-11-23T12:55:36ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-05-011410240010.3390/rs14102400Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis DatasetHongyuan Li0Guohua Liu1Chuntan Han2Yong Yang3Rensheng Chen4Qilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaCollege of Geography and Tourism, Hengyang Normal University, Hengyang 421000, ChinaQilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaQilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaQilian Alpine Ecology and Hydrology Research Station, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, ChinaUnderstanding the spatio-temporal variations in the frost-free period (FFP) and the number of frost days (FD) is beneficial to reduce the harmful effects of climate change on agricultural production and enhancing agricultural adaptation. However, the spatio-temporal variations in FFP and FD and their response to climate change remain unclear across China. To investigate the impact of climate change on FFP and FD, the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China from 1950 to 2020 were quantified using ERA5-Land, a reanalysis dataset with high spatial and temporal resolution. The results showed that ERA5-Land has good applicability in quantifying the trends and variations in FFP and FD across China under climate change. The spatial distribution of multi-year average FFP and FD across China showed significant latitudinal zonality and altitude dependence, i.e., FFP decreased with increasing latitude and altitude, while FD increased with increasing latitude and altitude. As a result of climate warming across China, the FFP showed an increasing trend with an increase rate of 1.25 d/10a and the maximum increasing rate of FFP in the individual region was 6.2 d/10a, while the FD showed a decreasing trend with a decrease rate of 1.41 d/10a and the maximum decreasing rate of FD in the individual region was −6.7 d/10a. Among the five major climate zones in China, the subtropical monsoon climate zone (SUMZ) with the greatest increasing rate of 1.73 d/10a in FFP, while the temperate monsoon climate zone (TEMZ) with the greatest decreasing rate of −1.72 d/10a in FD. In addition, the coefficient of variation (C<sub>v</sub>) of FFP showed greater variability at higher altitudes, while the C<sub>v</sub> of FD showed greater variability at lower latitudes in southern China. Without considering the adaptation to temperature of crops, a general increase in FFP and a general decrease in FD were both beneficial to agricultural production in terms of FFP and FD promoting a longer growing period and reducing frost damage on crops. This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the trends and variations in FFP and FD under climate change, which is of great scientific significance for the adjustment of the agricultural production layout to adapt to climate change in China.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2400frost-free periodfrost daysERA5-Landclimate changeagricultural production |
| spellingShingle | Hongyuan Li Guohua Liu Chuntan Han Yong Yang Rensheng Chen Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset Remote Sensing frost-free period frost days ERA5-Land climate change agricultural production |
| title | Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset |
| title_full | Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset |
| title_short | Quantifying the Trends and Variations in the Frost-Free Period and the Number of Frost Days across China under Climate Change Using ERA5-Land Reanalysis Dataset |
| title_sort | quantifying the trends and variations in the frost free period and the number of frost days across china under climate change using era5 land reanalysis dataset |
| topic | frost-free period frost days ERA5-Land climate change agricultural production |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/10/2400 |
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