<i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats
The high propensity of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to oxidation can induce a cascade of cellular immune-oxidative imbalances. On the other hand, PUFA, namely docosapentaenoic acid (ω6-DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert immunomodulatory effects by suppressing a pro-inflammat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/497 |
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| author | Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou |
| author_facet | Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou |
| author_sort | Panagiota Kyriakaki |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The high propensity of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to oxidation can induce a cascade of cellular immune-oxidative imbalances. On the other hand, PUFA, namely docosapentaenoic acid (ω6-DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert immunomodulatory effects by suppressing a pro-inflammatory response. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. levels, rich in both ω6-DPA and DHA on the transcriptional profiling of genes involved in oxidative homeostasis and innate immunity of dairy goats’ monocytes and neutrophils. Twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups; the diet of the control group (CON) had no <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g/goat/day. The mRNA levels of <i>MGST1</i> in neutrophils were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.037), while in monocytes, <i>SOD2</i> and <i>SOD3</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.010 and <i>p</i> = 0.044, respectively) in ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>GPX2</i> mRNA levels were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.036) in ALG20 and ALG60 compared to the CON group in neutrophils. <i>NOX1</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.043) in the neutrophiles of ALG60-goats. <i>NOX2</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.042) in the monocytes of ALG40-fed goats, while higher (<i>p</i> = 0.045) levels were also found in the ALG60 group in neutrophils. The mRNA levels of <i>COX2</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.035) in monocytes of the ALG40 and ALG60 groups. The mRNA levels of <i>PTGER2</i> were also downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in monocytes of <i>Schizochytrium</i>-fed goats, while in neutrophils, significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.024) was only found for ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>ALOX5AP</i> mRNA levels were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.033) in ALG60 compared to the CON group in monocytes. <i>LTA4H</i> mRNA levels were increased (<i>p</i> = 0.015) in ALG60 compared to ALG20 and ALG40 groups in monocytes, while in neutrophils, a significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.028) was observed in ALG20 compared to the CON group. The inclusion of more than 20 g <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp./day in goats’ diet induced imbalances in mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant system, while downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory pathways in monocytes and neutrophils. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:14:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e027322270884200ba3629a63b1b8156 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:14:28Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e027322270884200ba3629a63b1b81562023-11-16T18:49:04ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212023-02-0112249710.3390/antiox12020497<i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy GoatsPanagiota Kyriakaki0Alexandros Mavrommatis1Eleni Tsiplakou2Laboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Nutritional Physiology and Feeding, Department of Animal Science, School of Animal Biosciences, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, GreeceThe high propensity of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) to oxidation can induce a cascade of cellular immune-oxidative imbalances. On the other hand, PUFA, namely docosapentaenoic acid (ω6-DPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can exert immunomodulatory effects by suppressing a pro-inflammatory response. Thus, the objective of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. levels, rich in both ω6-DPA and DHA on the transcriptional profiling of genes involved in oxidative homeostasis and innate immunity of dairy goats’ monocytes and neutrophils. Twenty-four dairy goats were divided into four homogeneous sub-groups; the diet of the control group (CON) had no <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. while those of the treated groups were supplemented daily with 20 (ALG20), 40 (ALG40), and 60 (ALG60) g/goat/day. The mRNA levels of <i>MGST1</i> in neutrophils were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.037), while in monocytes, <i>SOD2</i> and <i>SOD3</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.010 and <i>p</i> = 0.044, respectively) in ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>GPX2</i> mRNA levels were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.036) in ALG20 and ALG60 compared to the CON group in neutrophils. <i>NOX1</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.043) in the neutrophiles of ALG60-goats. <i>NOX2</i> was upregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.042) in the monocytes of ALG40-fed goats, while higher (<i>p</i> = 0.045) levels were also found in the ALG60 group in neutrophils. The mRNA levels of <i>COX2</i> were downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.035) in monocytes of the ALG40 and ALG60 groups. The mRNA levels of <i>PTGER2</i> were also downregulated (<i>p</i> = 0.004) in monocytes of <i>Schizochytrium</i>-fed goats, while in neutrophils, significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.024) was only found for ALG60 compared to the CON group. <i>ALOX5AP</i> mRNA levels were significantly decreased (<i>p</i> = 0.033) in ALG60 compared to the CON group in monocytes. <i>LTA4H</i> mRNA levels were increased (<i>p</i> = 0.015) in ALG60 compared to ALG20 and ALG40 groups in monocytes, while in neutrophils, a significant downregulation (<i>p</i> = 0.028) was observed in ALG20 compared to the CON group. The inclusion of more than 20 g <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp./day in goats’ diet induced imbalances in mechanisms that regulate the antioxidant system, while downregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory pathways in monocytes and neutrophils.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/497microalgaefatty acidsPUFADHAω6-DPAeicosanoids |
| spellingShingle | Panagiota Kyriakaki Alexandros Mavrommatis Eleni Tsiplakou <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats Antioxidants microalgae fatty acids PUFA DHA ω6-DPA eicosanoids |
| title | <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats |
| title_full | <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats |
| title_fullStr | <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats |
| title_short | <i>Schizochytrium</i> spp. Dietary Supplementation Modulates Immune-Oxidative Transcriptional Signatures in Monocytes and Neutrophils of Dairy Goats |
| title_sort | i schizochytrium i spp dietary supplementation modulates immune oxidative transcriptional signatures in monocytes and neutrophils of dairy goats |
| topic | microalgae fatty acids PUFA DHA ω6-DPA eicosanoids |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/12/2/497 |
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