Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder
The prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors differs substantially among patients with bladder cancer (BC). There is an unmet need for biomarkers that can accurately predict prognosis and treatment outcome. Here, we describe the available literature on the prognostic an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2692 |
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| author | Sandra van Wilpe Eveline C. F. Gerretsen Antoine G. van der Heijden I. Jolanda M. de Vries Winald R. Gerritsen Niven Mehra |
| author_facet | Sandra van Wilpe Eveline C. F. Gerretsen Antoine G. van der Heijden I. Jolanda M. de Vries Winald R. Gerritsen Niven Mehra |
| author_sort | Sandra van Wilpe |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors differs substantially among patients with bladder cancer (BC). There is an unmet need for biomarkers that can accurately predict prognosis and treatment outcome. Here, we describe the available literature on the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in BC. Current evidence indicates that a high density of tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells is a favorable prognostic factor, whereas PD-L1 expression and tumor-associated macrophages are unfavorable prognostic features. While PD-L1 expression appears unsuccessful as a biomarker for the response to checkpoint inhibitors, there are some indications that high CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration, low transforming growth factor-beta signaling and low densities of myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with response. Future studies should focus on combinations of biomarkers to accurately predict survival and response to treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:07Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e031a05d7b7049b4afe10d85615549d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T16:11:07Z |
| publishDate | 2020-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e031a05d7b7049b4afe10d85615549d52023-11-20T14:29:53ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942020-09-01129269210.3390/cancers12092692Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the BladderSandra van Wilpe0Eveline C. F. Gerretsen1Antoine G. van der Heijden2I. Jolanda M. de Vries3Winald R. Gerritsen4Niven Mehra5Department of Medical Oncology, the Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Urology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Oncology, the Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Medical Oncology, the Radboud University Medical Center, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The NetherlandsThe prognosis and responsiveness to chemotherapy and checkpoint inhibitors differs substantially among patients with bladder cancer (BC). There is an unmet need for biomarkers that can accurately predict prognosis and treatment outcome. Here, we describe the available literature on the prognostic and predictive value of tumor-infiltrating immune cells in BC. Current evidence indicates that a high density of tumor-infiltrating CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells is a favorable prognostic factor, whereas PD-L1 expression and tumor-associated macrophages are unfavorable prognostic features. While PD-L1 expression appears unsuccessful as a biomarker for the response to checkpoint inhibitors, there are some indications that high CD8<sup>+</sup> T cell infiltration, low transforming growth factor-beta signaling and low densities of myeloid-derived suppressor cells are associated with response. Future studies should focus on combinations of biomarkers to accurately predict survival and response to treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2692urothelial cancerprognosisbiomarkerscheckpoint inhibitorschemotherapy |
| spellingShingle | Sandra van Wilpe Eveline C. F. Gerretsen Antoine G. van der Heijden I. Jolanda M. de Vries Winald R. Gerritsen Niven Mehra Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder Cancers urothelial cancer prognosis biomarkers checkpoint inhibitors chemotherapy |
| title | Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder |
| title_full | Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder |
| title_fullStr | Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder |
| title_short | Prognostic and Predictive Value of Tumor-Infiltrating Immune Cells in Urothelial Cancer of the Bladder |
| title_sort | prognostic and predictive value of tumor infiltrating immune cells in urothelial cancer of the bladder |
| topic | urothelial cancer prognosis biomarkers checkpoint inhibitors chemotherapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/12/9/2692 |
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