Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI)
There is a general hesitation in participation among Pakistani women when it comes to giving their responses in surveys related to breast cancer which may be due to the associated stigma and conservatism in society. We felt that no research instrument was able to extract information from the respond...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2016-12-01
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| Series: | Diseases |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/37 |
| _version_ | 1811298689985019904 |
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| author | Atta Abbas Naqvi Fatima Zehra Rizwan Ahmad Niyaz Ahmad |
| author_facet | Atta Abbas Naqvi Fatima Zehra Rizwan Ahmad Niyaz Ahmad |
| author_sort | Atta Abbas Naqvi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | There is a general hesitation in participation among Pakistani women when it comes to giving their responses in surveys related to breast cancer which may be due to the associated stigma and conservatism in society. We felt that no research instrument was able to extract information from the respondents to the extent it was needed for the successful execution of our study. The need to develop a research instrument tailored for Pakistani women was based upon the fact that most Pakistani women come from a conservative background and sometimes view this topic as provocative and believe discussing publicly about it as inappropriate. Existing research instruments exhibited a number of weaknesses during literature review. Therefore, using them may not be able to extract information concretely. A research instrument was, thus, developed exclusively. It was coined as, “breast cancer inventory (BCI)” by a panel of experts for executing a study aimed at documenting awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Pakistani women regarding breast cancer and early detection techniques. The study is still in the data collection phase. The statistical analysis involved the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s test for sampling adequacy. In addition, reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were, also employed. This concept paper focuses on the development, piloting and validation of the BCI. It is the first research instrument which has high acceptability among Pakistani women and is able to extract adequate information from the respondents without causing embarrassment or unease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:23:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e04c67aaf6e548a980409442bea371fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9721 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:23:05Z |
| publishDate | 2016-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-e04c67aaf6e548a980409442bea371fa2022-12-22T02:58:34ZengMDPI AGDiseases2079-97212016-12-01443710.3390/diseases4040037diseases4040037Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI)Atta Abbas Naqvi0Fatima Zehra1Rizwan Ahmad2Niyaz Ahmad3Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Social Sciences, Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology SZABIST, Clifton, Karachi 75600, PakistanNatural Products and Alternative Medicines, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Pharmaceutics, College of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Dammam, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaThere is a general hesitation in participation among Pakistani women when it comes to giving their responses in surveys related to breast cancer which may be due to the associated stigma and conservatism in society. We felt that no research instrument was able to extract information from the respondents to the extent it was needed for the successful execution of our study. The need to develop a research instrument tailored for Pakistani women was based upon the fact that most Pakistani women come from a conservative background and sometimes view this topic as provocative and believe discussing publicly about it as inappropriate. Existing research instruments exhibited a number of weaknesses during literature review. Therefore, using them may not be able to extract information concretely. A research instrument was, thus, developed exclusively. It was coined as, “breast cancer inventory (BCI)” by a panel of experts for executing a study aimed at documenting awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of Pakistani women regarding breast cancer and early detection techniques. The study is still in the data collection phase. The statistical analysis involved the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) measure and Bartlett’s test for sampling adequacy. In addition, reliability analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were, also employed. This concept paper focuses on the development, piloting and validation of the BCI. It is the first research instrument which has high acceptability among Pakistani women and is able to extract adequate information from the respondents without causing embarrassment or unease.http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/37breast cancerresearch methodologyreliabilityvalidationpilotingpretestingquestionnaire |
| spellingShingle | Atta Abbas Naqvi Fatima Zehra Rizwan Ahmad Niyaz Ahmad Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) Diseases breast cancer research methodology reliability validation piloting pretesting questionnaire |
| title | Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) |
| title_full | Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) |
| title_fullStr | Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) |
| title_short | Developing a Research Instrument to Document Awareness, Knowledge, and Attitudes Regarding Breast Cancer and Early Detection Techniques for Pakistani Women: The Breast Cancer Inventory (BCI) |
| title_sort | developing a research instrument to document awareness knowledge and attitudes regarding breast cancer and early detection techniques for pakistani women the breast cancer inventory bci |
| topic | breast cancer research methodology reliability validation piloting pretesting questionnaire |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2079-9721/4/4/37 |
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