Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study
BackgroundWhile cultural backgrounds are well-documented to be relevant to intentional self-harm, little is known about how cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds affect mortality outcomes following self-harm.AimThis study aimed to compare the risk of all-cause mortality and suicide...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Frontiers in Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1256572/full |
| _version_ | 1797242916172726272 |
|---|---|
| author | Thi Thu Le Pham Kerry S. O'Brien Sara Liu Katharine Gibson Janneke Berecki-Gisolf |
| author_facet | Thi Thu Le Pham Kerry S. O'Brien Sara Liu Katharine Gibson Janneke Berecki-Gisolf |
| author_sort | Thi Thu Le Pham |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWhile cultural backgrounds are well-documented to be relevant to intentional self-harm, little is known about how cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds affect mortality outcomes following self-harm.AimThis study aimed to compare the risk of all-cause mortality and suicide after intentional hospital admissions for self-harm among people from CALD (vs. non-CALD) backgrounds.MethodLinked hospital and mortality data in Victoria, Australia, was used to assess suicide and all-cause death after hospital admissions for self-harm among patients aged 15+ years. All-cause death was identified by following up on 42,122 self-harm patients (hospitalized between 01 July 2007 and 30 June 2019) until death or 15 February 2021. Suicide death was evaluated in 16,928 self-harm inpatients (01 January 2013 and 31 December 2017) until death or 28 March 2018. Cox regression models were fitted to compare mortality outcomes in self-harm patients from CALD vs. non-CALD backgrounds.OutcomesDuring the follow-up periods, 3,716 of 42,122 (8.8%) participants died by any cause (by 15 February 2021), and 304 of 16,928 (1.8%) people died by suicide (by 28 March 2018). Compared to the non-CALD group, CALD intentional self-harm inpatients had a 20% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.9) and a 30% lower risk of suicide (HR: 0.7, 95% CI: 049–0.97). Specifically, being from North Africa/Middle East and Asian backgrounds lowered the all-cause mortality risk; however, the suicide risk in Asians was as high as in non-CALD people.ConclusionOverall, people from CALD backgrounds exhibited lower risks of all-cause mortality and suicide following hospital admission for self-harm compared to the non-CALD group. However, when comparing risks based on regions of birth, significant variations were observed. These findings underscore the importance of implementing culturally tailored background-specific suicide preventive actions. The study focussed on outcomes following hospital admission for self-harm and did not capture outcomes for cases of self-harm that did not result in hospital admission. This limits generalisability, as some CALD people might avoid accessing healthcare after self-harm due to cultural factors. Future research that not limited to hospital data is suggested to build on the results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:46:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e05ca2ff3433404d98e73ab8c5e0182c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2565 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:46:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Public Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-e05ca2ff3433404d98e73ab8c5e0182c2024-03-27T05:09:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Public Health2296-25652024-03-011210.3389/fpubh.2024.12565721256572Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage studyThi Thu Le Pham0Kerry S. O'Brien1Sara Liu2Katharine Gibson3Janneke Berecki-Gisolf4Victorian Injury Surveillance Unit, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaSchool of Social Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaVictorian Injury Surveillance Unit, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Health, Melbourne, VIC, AustraliaVictorian Injury Surveillance Unit, Monash University Accident Research Centre, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, AustraliaBackgroundWhile cultural backgrounds are well-documented to be relevant to intentional self-harm, little is known about how cultural and linguistically diverse (CALD) backgrounds affect mortality outcomes following self-harm.AimThis study aimed to compare the risk of all-cause mortality and suicide after intentional hospital admissions for self-harm among people from CALD (vs. non-CALD) backgrounds.MethodLinked hospital and mortality data in Victoria, Australia, was used to assess suicide and all-cause death after hospital admissions for self-harm among patients aged 15+ years. All-cause death was identified by following up on 42,122 self-harm patients (hospitalized between 01 July 2007 and 30 June 2019) until death or 15 February 2021. Suicide death was evaluated in 16,928 self-harm inpatients (01 January 2013 and 31 December 2017) until death or 28 March 2018. Cox regression models were fitted to compare mortality outcomes in self-harm patients from CALD vs. non-CALD backgrounds.OutcomesDuring the follow-up periods, 3,716 of 42,122 (8.8%) participants died by any cause (by 15 February 2021), and 304 of 16,928 (1.8%) people died by suicide (by 28 March 2018). Compared to the non-CALD group, CALD intentional self-harm inpatients had a 20% lower risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.8, 95% CI: 0.7–0.9) and a 30% lower risk of suicide (HR: 0.7, 95% CI: 049–0.97). Specifically, being from North Africa/Middle East and Asian backgrounds lowered the all-cause mortality risk; however, the suicide risk in Asians was as high as in non-CALD people.ConclusionOverall, people from CALD backgrounds exhibited lower risks of all-cause mortality and suicide following hospital admission for self-harm compared to the non-CALD group. However, when comparing risks based on regions of birth, significant variations were observed. These findings underscore the importance of implementing culturally tailored background-specific suicide preventive actions. The study focussed on outcomes following hospital admission for self-harm and did not capture outcomes for cases of self-harm that did not result in hospital admission. This limits generalisability, as some CALD people might avoid accessing healthcare after self-harm due to cultural factors. Future research that not limited to hospital data is suggested to build on the results.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1256572/fullself-harmsuicidemortality outcomes after self-harmmental healthCALDcultural backgrounds |
| spellingShingle | Thi Thu Le Pham Kerry S. O'Brien Sara Liu Katharine Gibson Janneke Berecki-Gisolf Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study Frontiers in Public Health self-harm suicide mortality outcomes after self-harm mental health CALD cultural backgrounds |
| title | Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study |
| title_full | Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study |
| title_fullStr | Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study |
| title_short | Suicide and mortality following self-harm in Culturally and Linguistically Diverse communities in Victoria, Australia: insights from a data linkage study |
| title_sort | suicide and mortality following self harm in culturally and linguistically diverse communities in victoria australia insights from a data linkage study |
| topic | self-harm suicide mortality outcomes after self-harm mental health CALD cultural backgrounds |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1256572/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT thithulepham suicideandmortalityfollowingselfharminculturallyandlinguisticallydiversecommunitiesinvictoriaaustraliainsightsfromadatalinkagestudy AT kerrysobrien suicideandmortalityfollowingselfharminculturallyandlinguisticallydiversecommunitiesinvictoriaaustraliainsightsfromadatalinkagestudy AT saraliu suicideandmortalityfollowingselfharminculturallyandlinguisticallydiversecommunitiesinvictoriaaustraliainsightsfromadatalinkagestudy AT katharinegibson suicideandmortalityfollowingselfharminculturallyandlinguisticallydiversecommunitiesinvictoriaaustraliainsightsfromadatalinkagestudy AT jannekebereckigisolf suicideandmortalityfollowingselfharminculturallyandlinguisticallydiversecommunitiesinvictoriaaustraliainsightsfromadatalinkagestudy |