Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver
To explore the inhibitory mechanism of heat-killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, EF-2001 on hepatic lipid deposition, a diet-induced obese (DIO) animal model was established by high-fat diet (HFD). The DIO C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: the normal group without HFD (ND, <...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/575 |
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| author | Meiqi Fan Young-Jin Choi Nishala Erandi Wedamulla Yujiao Tang Kwon Il Han Ji-Young Hwang Eun-Kyung Kim |
| author_facet | Meiqi Fan Young-Jin Choi Nishala Erandi Wedamulla Yujiao Tang Kwon Il Han Ji-Young Hwang Eun-Kyung Kim |
| author_sort | Meiqi Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To explore the inhibitory mechanism of heat-killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, EF-2001 on hepatic lipid deposition, a diet-induced obese (DIO) animal model was established by high-fat diet (HFD). The DIO C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: the normal group without HFD (ND, <i>n</i> = 8), obesity group (HFD, <i>n</i> = 8), experimental group (HFD + EF-2001, 200 mg/kg, <i>n</i> = 8), and positive control group (HFD + Orlistat, 60 mg/kg, <i>n</i> = 8). After 4 weeks, liver and adipose tissue were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde, followed by embedding in paraffin for tissue sectioning. The differences in body mass, body fat ratio, fatty cell area, and lipid profiling of the liver (TC, LDL, and HDL) were also determined. Moreover, Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of lipid accumulation-related proteins, including AMPK, PPARγ, SREBP-1, ACC, and FAS. Compared with the HFD group, the HFD + EF-2001 group exhibited decreased fat mass, liver index, adipocyte area, TC, and LDL, and an increased level of HDL. The results of liver hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and oil red O staining showed that the mice in each intervention group were improved on hepatic lipid accumulation, and the mice in the HFD + EF-2001 group were the most similar to those in the normal group when compared with the HFD group. From the Western blot results, we proved that EF-2001 activated the AMPK signaling pathway. EF-2001 significantly upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK and p-ACC and downregulated PPARγ, SREBP-1, and FAS in murine liver. Taken together, these results suggest that EF-2001 decrease lipid accumulation in the DIO model mice through the AMPK pathway and ameliorate liver damage by HFD. |
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| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:59:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-e068d6f89e0343f8a0444dc77fd3209b2023-11-23T19:54:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-02-0111457510.3390/foods11040575Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in LiverMeiqi Fan0Young-Jin Choi1Nishala Erandi Wedamulla2Yujiao Tang3Kwon Il Han4Ji-Young Hwang5Eun-Kyung Kim6Division of Food Bioscience, College of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Konkuk University, Chungju 27478, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, KoreaSchool of Bio-Science and Food Engineering, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun 130600, ChinaKoreaBerm Co., Ltd., Wonju 26362, KoreaDepartment of Food Science & Technology, Dong-Eui University, Busan 47340, KoreaDepartment of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Health Science, Dong-A University, Busan 49315, KoreaTo explore the inhibitory mechanism of heat-killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, EF-2001 on hepatic lipid deposition, a diet-induced obese (DIO) animal model was established by high-fat diet (HFD). The DIO C57BL/6 mice were divided into four groups: the normal group without HFD (ND, <i>n</i> = 8), obesity group (HFD, <i>n</i> = 8), experimental group (HFD + EF-2001, 200 mg/kg, <i>n</i> = 8), and positive control group (HFD + Orlistat, 60 mg/kg, <i>n</i> = 8). After 4 weeks, liver and adipose tissue were fixed in 10% paraformaldehyde, followed by embedding in paraffin for tissue sectioning. The differences in body mass, body fat ratio, fatty cell area, and lipid profiling of the liver (TC, LDL, and HDL) were also determined. Moreover, Western blot was performed to analyze the expression of lipid accumulation-related proteins, including AMPK, PPARγ, SREBP-1, ACC, and FAS. Compared with the HFD group, the HFD + EF-2001 group exhibited decreased fat mass, liver index, adipocyte area, TC, and LDL, and an increased level of HDL. The results of liver hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), and oil red O staining showed that the mice in each intervention group were improved on hepatic lipid accumulation, and the mice in the HFD + EF-2001 group were the most similar to those in the normal group when compared with the HFD group. From the Western blot results, we proved that EF-2001 activated the AMPK signaling pathway. EF-2001 significantly upregulated the expressions of p-AMPK and p-ACC and downregulated PPARγ, SREBP-1, and FAS in murine liver. Taken together, these results suggest that EF-2001 decrease lipid accumulation in the DIO model mice through the AMPK pathway and ameliorate liver damage by HFD.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/575EF-2001<i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>lipid accumulationobeseliver damage |
| spellingShingle | Meiqi Fan Young-Jin Choi Nishala Erandi Wedamulla Yujiao Tang Kwon Il Han Ji-Young Hwang Eun-Kyung Kim Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver Foods EF-2001 <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> lipid accumulation obese liver damage |
| title | Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver |
| title_full | Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver |
| title_fullStr | Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver |
| title_short | Heat-Killed <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> EF-2001 Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Diet-Induced Obese (DIO) Mice by Activating AMPK Signaling in Liver |
| title_sort | heat killed i enterococcus faecalis i ef 2001 attenuate lipid accumulation in diet induced obese dio mice by activating ampk signaling in liver |
| topic | EF-2001 <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> lipid accumulation obese liver damage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/4/575 |
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