Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud
The current study aims to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on the geopolymer derived from an admixture of the natural mineral (kaolin) and industrial by-products (fly ash, red mud). The compressive strength and microstructure were studied using compressive strength tests, X-ray diffractio...
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5034 |
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| author | Tien Dung Cong Thao Phuong Minh Thanh Vu Thi Huong Nguyen |
| author_facet | Tien Dung Cong Thao Phuong Minh Thanh Vu Thi Huong Nguyen |
| author_sort | Tien Dung Cong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The current study aims to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on the geopolymer derived from an admixture of the natural mineral (kaolin) and industrial by-products (fly ash, red mud). The compressive strength and microstructure were studied using compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, BET method, and scanning electron microscopy. For the investigated NaOH activator concentrations ranging from 4 M to 10 M, the compressive strength of the geopolymer first increases, then decreases with the increase of calcium hydroxide content. The optimal content of calcium hydroxide, which can give the highest compressive strength of the geopolymer prepared, is about 13% wt. of solid raw materials. The geopolymer materials produced at the 8 M NaOH activator have higher compressive strength than those prepared at 4 M, 6 M, and 10 M NaOH. There is a coexistence of geopolymerization gel and C-S-H/C-A-S-H gel in the materials prepared. Both porosity and the formation of N-A-S-H/C-S-H/C-A-S-H during the polymerization process are important for the mechanical properties of materials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:16:23Z |
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| id | doaj.art-e068dd5d1702464b991102fa6ebdb3df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:16:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e068dd5d1702464b991102fa6ebdb3df2023-11-17T18:12:42ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172023-04-01138503410.3390/app13085034Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red MudTien Dung Cong0Thao Phuong1Minh Thanh Vu2Thi Huong Nguyen3Department of Chemistry, Hanoi University of Mining and Geology, 18 Pho Vien, Hanoi 100000, VietnamLaboratory of Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU), 19 Le Thanh Tong, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInstitute of Chemistry and Materials, 17 Hoang Sam, Hanoi 100000, VietnamInstitute of Chemistry and Materials, 17 Hoang Sam, Hanoi 100000, VietnamThe current study aims to investigate the effect of calcium hydroxide on the geopolymer derived from an admixture of the natural mineral (kaolin) and industrial by-products (fly ash, red mud). The compressive strength and microstructure were studied using compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, BET method, and scanning electron microscopy. For the investigated NaOH activator concentrations ranging from 4 M to 10 M, the compressive strength of the geopolymer first increases, then decreases with the increase of calcium hydroxide content. The optimal content of calcium hydroxide, which can give the highest compressive strength of the geopolymer prepared, is about 13% wt. of solid raw materials. The geopolymer materials produced at the 8 M NaOH activator have higher compressive strength than those prepared at 4 M, 6 M, and 10 M NaOH. There is a coexistence of geopolymerization gel and C-S-H/C-A-S-H gel in the materials prepared. Both porosity and the formation of N-A-S-H/C-S-H/C-A-S-H during the polymerization process are important for the mechanical properties of materials.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5034geopolymercalcium hydroxidered mudkaolinfly ash |
| spellingShingle | Tien Dung Cong Thao Phuong Minh Thanh Vu Thi Huong Nguyen Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud Applied Sciences geopolymer calcium hydroxide red mud kaolin fly ash |
| title | Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud |
| title_full | Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud |
| title_short | Effect of Calcium Hydroxide on Compressive Strength and Microstructure of Geopolymer Containing Admixture of Kaolin, Fly Ash, and Red Mud |
| title_sort | effect of calcium hydroxide on compressive strength and microstructure of geopolymer containing admixture of kaolin fly ash and red mud |
| topic | geopolymer calcium hydroxide red mud kaolin fly ash |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/13/8/5034 |
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