Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom
<i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush tea) is a shrub harvested in the north-eastern mountain regions of South Africa and belongs to the Asteraceae family. Generally, <i>A. phylicoides</i> is consumed as a hot tea beverage for its associated health benefits. The use of bush t...
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Cosmetics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/6/133 |
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| author | Vuyisile Samuel Thibane Maanea Lonia Ramphinwa Godwin Richard Ainamensa Mchau Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau |
| author_facet | Vuyisile Samuel Thibane Maanea Lonia Ramphinwa Godwin Richard Ainamensa Mchau Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau |
| author_sort | Vuyisile Samuel Thibane |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush tea) is a shrub harvested in the north-eastern mountain regions of South Africa and belongs to the Asteraceae family. Generally, <i>A. phylicoides</i> is consumed as a hot tea beverage for its associated health benefits. The use of bush tea extracts for beauty enhancement has not been investigated even though several ethnobotanical reports have indicated its usage against skin imperfections. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess plant metabolites of <i>A. phylicoides</i> for their inhibition of tyrosinase from mushroom and determine their inhibitory mechanism. Methanolic extracts (80% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of <i>A. phylicoides</i> were evaluated using a tyrosinase-based TLC (thin-layer chromatography) autography technique. The inhibitory mechanism of active metabolites against the enzyme was determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. Quercetin and an unknown metabolite with a retention factor (Rf) value of 0.73 inhibited melanogenesis. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> value for Quercetin was reported as 51.07 ± 2.43 µg/mL higher than that of kojic acid of 5.22 ± 1.44 µg/mL. Chlorogenic acid was reported to have a similar Rf value as kojic acid, suggesting similarities in polarity and affinity towards the adsorbent material. However, chlorogenic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 15.25 ± 1.18 µg/mL and an inhibitory strength of 2.92 could not inhibit melanogenesis with a similar intensity as kojic acid. The inhibitory mechanism for <i>A. phylicoides</i> extract was reported to be mixed inhibition (competitive/uncompetitive). The IC<sub>50</sub> value for <i>A. phylicoides</i> was recorded as 20.65 ± 0.14 µg/mL with an inhibitory strength of 3.96. These results suggest that <i>A. phylicoides</i> extracts could be used against dark spots associated with scarring and ageing through modulation of tyrosinase activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:10:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0701510a78f4f83bc9cd2501f345d75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-9284 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:10:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Cosmetics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0701510a78f4f83bc9cd2501f345d752023-11-24T14:08:42ZengMDPI AGCosmetics2079-92842022-12-019613310.3390/cosmetics9060133Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from MushroomVuyisile Samuel Thibane0Maanea Lonia Ramphinwa1Godwin Richard Ainamensa Mchau2Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau3Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa 0204, South AfricaDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0920, South AfricaDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou 0920, South AfricaSchool of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsvile 3209, South Africa<i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush tea) is a shrub harvested in the north-eastern mountain regions of South Africa and belongs to the Asteraceae family. Generally, <i>A. phylicoides</i> is consumed as a hot tea beverage for its associated health benefits. The use of bush tea extracts for beauty enhancement has not been investigated even though several ethnobotanical reports have indicated its usage against skin imperfections. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess plant metabolites of <i>A. phylicoides</i> for their inhibition of tyrosinase from mushroom and determine their inhibitory mechanism. Methanolic extracts (80% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) of <i>A. phylicoides</i> were evaluated using a tyrosinase-based TLC (thin-layer chromatography) autography technique. The inhibitory mechanism of active metabolites against the enzyme was determined using Lineweaver–Burk plots. Quercetin and an unknown metabolite with a retention factor (Rf) value of 0.73 inhibited melanogenesis. However, the IC<sub>50</sub> value for Quercetin was reported as 51.07 ± 2.43 µg/mL higher than that of kojic acid of 5.22 ± 1.44 µg/mL. Chlorogenic acid was reported to have a similar Rf value as kojic acid, suggesting similarities in polarity and affinity towards the adsorbent material. However, chlorogenic acid with an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 15.25 ± 1.18 µg/mL and an inhibitory strength of 2.92 could not inhibit melanogenesis with a similar intensity as kojic acid. The inhibitory mechanism for <i>A. phylicoides</i> extract was reported to be mixed inhibition (competitive/uncompetitive). The IC<sub>50</sub> value for <i>A. phylicoides</i> was recorded as 20.65 ± 0.14 µg/mL with an inhibitory strength of 3.96. These results suggest that <i>A. phylicoides</i> extracts could be used against dark spots associated with scarring and ageing through modulation of tyrosinase activity.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/6/133<i>Athrixia phylicoides</i>competitive inhibitioncosmeceuticaldark spotsinhibitory mechanismLineweaver–Burk plots |
| spellingShingle | Vuyisile Samuel Thibane Maanea Lonia Ramphinwa Godwin Richard Ainamensa Mchau Fhatuwani Nixwell Mudau Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom Cosmetics <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> competitive inhibition cosmeceutical dark spots inhibitory mechanism Lineweaver–Burk plots |
| title | Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom |
| title_full | Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom |
| title_fullStr | Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom |
| title_short | Metabolite Profile of <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> DC. (Bush Tea) and Determination of Inhibitory Mechanism against Tyrosinase Enzyme from Mushroom |
| title_sort | metabolite profile of i athrixia phylicoides i dc bush tea and determination of inhibitory mechanism against tyrosinase enzyme from mushroom |
| topic | <i>Athrixia phylicoides</i> competitive inhibition cosmeceutical dark spots inhibitory mechanism Lineweaver–Burk plots |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9284/9/6/133 |
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