Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp
Developmental abnormalities of the teeth may be caused by genetic influences, environmental factors, or idiopathic reasons. The causal effect axis has not been established in many of these disorders [1]. Various developmental alterations related to tooth shape, such as fusion, concrescence, gemi...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18390/64640_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(KK_SL)_PF1(RI_KM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
| _version_ | 1797671769319931904 |
|---|---|
| author | Sabarinath Balaraman Ramya Sekar |
| author_facet | Sabarinath Balaraman Ramya Sekar |
| author_sort | Sabarinath Balaraman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Developmental abnormalities of the teeth may be caused by
genetic influences, environmental factors, or idiopathic reasons.
The causal effect axis has not been established in many of these
disorders [1]. Various developmental alterations related to tooth
shape, such as fusion, concrescence, gemination, and accessory
cusps, have been described. Talon cusp is one such developmental
alteration of the teeth that was identified in 1892 by Mitchell WH as
an extra horn-like cusp or an exaggerated cusp at the region of the
cingulum, with no established causal-effect axis [2]. Mellor JK and
Ripa LW named it talon cusp, as it resembles an eagle’s beak [3].
This developmental anomaly is the result of both environmental and
genetic factors that affect early odontogenesis. Talon cusp is often
observed in relation to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome [Table/Fig-1] [4].
Based on morphology, the talon cusp is divided into three types:
Talon, Semi talon, and Trace talon [5]. Previously, this structural
abnormality mostly resembled the shape of an eagle’s talon. However,
recent literature has reported various shapes, such as a heart or
triangle, on the facial or palatal surface [3,6]. In the present literature,
the authors proposed the term “Torus Facialis” or “Torus Cingularis”
as an alternative name for talon cusp, which allows clinicians and
academicians to adopt a terminology that explains the pathology as
a whole. “Torus” is a Latin word meaning protuberance, swelling, or
elevation. “Facialis” or “Cingularis” indicates the location where the
enamel protuberance is evident on the tooth surface. “Torus Facialis”
or “Torus Cingularis” is a scientific terminology that indicates the
nature of the pathology, such as a hard tissue protuberance, and
the anatomical location of the pathology on the tooth. Therefore, the
use of the term “Torus Facialis” or “Torus Cingularis” would be more
appropriate compared to talon cusp. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:20:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e07447bcae5545fc885286cdbd11dfa0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T21:20:21Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-e07447bcae5545fc885286cdbd11dfa02023-09-28T09:36:28ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2023-09-011709010110.7860/JCDR/2023/64640.18390Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon CuspSabarinath Balaraman0Ramya Sekar1Associate Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Oral Microbiology, Meenakshi Ammal Dental College and Hospital, Alapakkam main Road, Maduravoyal, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.Developmental abnormalities of the teeth may be caused by genetic influences, environmental factors, or idiopathic reasons. The causal effect axis has not been established in many of these disorders [1]. Various developmental alterations related to tooth shape, such as fusion, concrescence, gemination, and accessory cusps, have been described. Talon cusp is one such developmental alteration of the teeth that was identified in 1892 by Mitchell WH as an extra horn-like cusp or an exaggerated cusp at the region of the cingulum, with no established causal-effect axis [2]. Mellor JK and Ripa LW named it talon cusp, as it resembles an eagle’s beak [3]. This developmental anomaly is the result of both environmental and genetic factors that affect early odontogenesis. Talon cusp is often observed in relation to Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome [Table/Fig-1] [4]. Based on morphology, the talon cusp is divided into three types: Talon, Semi talon, and Trace talon [5]. Previously, this structural abnormality mostly resembled the shape of an eagle’s talon. However, recent literature has reported various shapes, such as a heart or triangle, on the facial or palatal surface [3,6]. In the present literature, the authors proposed the term “Torus Facialis” or “Torus Cingularis” as an alternative name for talon cusp, which allows clinicians and academicians to adopt a terminology that explains the pathology as a whole. “Torus” is a Latin word meaning protuberance, swelling, or elevation. “Facialis” or “Cingularis” indicates the location where the enamel protuberance is evident on the tooth surface. “Torus Facialis” or “Torus Cingularis” is a scientific terminology that indicates the nature of the pathology, such as a hard tissue protuberance, and the anatomical location of the pathology on the tooth. Therefore, the use of the term “Torus Facialis” or “Torus Cingularis” would be more appropriate compared to talon cusp.https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18390/64640_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(KK_SL)_PF1(RI_KM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdfcingulumdevelopmentalmorphologytoothsurface alteration |
| spellingShingle | Sabarinath Balaraman Ramya Sekar Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research cingulum developmental morphology tooth surface alteration |
| title | Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp |
| title_full | Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp |
| title_fullStr | Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp |
| title_full_unstemmed | Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp |
| title_short | Torus Cingularis/Facialis: A Clue to Talon Cusp |
| title_sort | torus cingularis facialis a clue to talon cusp |
| topic | cingulum developmental morphology tooth surface alteration |
| url | https://www.jcdr.net/articles/PDF/18390/64640_CE[Ra1]_F(IS)_QC(KK_SL)_PF1(RI_KM)_PFA(RI_KM)_PN(KM).pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT sabarinathbalaraman toruscingularisfacialisacluetotaloncusp AT ramyasekar toruscingularisfacialisacluetotaloncusp |