Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets
<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. One-week-old germ-free piglets were orally colonized/infected with the <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium LT2 strain or its isogenic rough Δ<i>rfaL&l...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2019-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/534 |
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| author | Alla Splichalova Zdislava Splichalova Daniela Karasova Ivan Rychlik Paolo Trevisi Marek Sinkora Igor Splichal |
| author_facet | Alla Splichalova Zdislava Splichalova Daniela Karasova Ivan Rychlik Paolo Trevisi Marek Sinkora Igor Splichal |
| author_sort | Alla Splichalova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. One-week-old germ-free piglets were orally colonized/infected with the <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium LT2 strain or its isogenic rough Δ<i>rfaL</i>, Δ<i>rfaG</i> or Δ<i>rfaC</i> mutants with exactly defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) defects. After 24 h, the piglets were euthanized and the colonization of the small intestine, translocations into the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and bacteremia, along with changes in the ileum histology, and transcription levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin were all assessed. Additionally, transcription levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the terminal ileum, and their local and systemic protein levels were evaluated. Wild-type <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium showed the highest translocation, histopathological changes, upregulation of claudins and downregulation of occludin, transcription of the cytokines, intestinal IL-8 and TNF-α levels, and systemic TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Depending on the extent of the incompleteness of the LPS, the levels of the respective elements decreased, or no changes were observed at all in the piglets colonized/infected with Δ<i>rfa</i> mutants. Intestinal IL-10 and systemic IL-8 levels were not detected in any piglet groups. This study provided foundational data on the gnotobiotic piglet response to colonization/infection with the exactly defined rough <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> LT2 isogenic mutants. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:32:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e07589fed739480fb2c4d7471231b6fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:32:48Z |
| publishDate | 2019-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-e07589fed739480fb2c4d7471231b6fa2022-12-22T04:23:43ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512019-09-0111953410.3390/toxins11090534toxins11090534Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic PigletsAlla Splichalova0Zdislava Splichalova1Daniela Karasova2Ivan Rychlik3Paolo Trevisi4Marek Sinkora5Igor Splichal6Laboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Immunology, Veterinary Research Institute, 621 00 Brno, Czech RepublicDepartment of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech RepublicLaboratory of Gnotobiology, Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 549 22 Novy Hradek, Czech Republic<i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium is an enteric pathogen that causes acute and chronic infections in humans and animals. One-week-old germ-free piglets were orally colonized/infected with the <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium LT2 strain or its isogenic rough Δ<i>rfaL</i>, Δ<i>rfaG</i> or Δ<i>rfaC</i> mutants with exactly defined lipopolysaccharide (LPS) defects. After 24 h, the piglets were euthanized and the colonization of the small intestine, translocations into the mesenteric lymph nodes, liver, spleen, lungs, and bacteremia, along with changes in the ileum histology, and transcription levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin were all assessed. Additionally, transcription levels of IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 in the terminal ileum, and their local and systemic protein levels were evaluated. Wild-type <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium showed the highest translocation, histopathological changes, upregulation of claudins and downregulation of occludin, transcription of the cytokines, intestinal IL-8 and TNF-α levels, and systemic TNF-α and IL-10 levels. Depending on the extent of the incompleteness of the LPS, the levels of the respective elements decreased, or no changes were observed at all in the piglets colonized/infected with Δ<i>rfa</i> mutants. Intestinal IL-10 and systemic IL-8 levels were not detected in any piglet groups. This study provided foundational data on the gnotobiotic piglet response to colonization/infection with the exactly defined rough <i>Salmonella Typhimurium</i> LT2 isogenic mutants.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/534lipopolysaccharide<i>Salmonella</i> TyphimuriumΔ<i>rfa</i> mutantcytokinestight junction proteinsgnotobioticgerm-free piglet |
| spellingShingle | Alla Splichalova Zdislava Splichalova Daniela Karasova Ivan Rychlik Paolo Trevisi Marek Sinkora Igor Splichal Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets Toxins lipopolysaccharide <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium Δ<i>rfa</i> mutant cytokines tight junction proteins gnotobiotic germ-free piglet |
| title | Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets |
| title_full | Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets |
| title_fullStr | Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets |
| title_short | Impact of the Lipopolysaccharide Chemotype of <i>Salmonella Enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium on Virulence in Gnotobiotic Piglets |
| title_sort | impact of the lipopolysaccharide chemotype of i salmonella enterica i serovar typhimurium on virulence in gnotobiotic piglets |
| topic | lipopolysaccharide <i>Salmonella</i> Typhimurium Δ<i>rfa</i> mutant cytokines tight junction proteins gnotobiotic germ-free piglet |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/11/9/534 |
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