Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration
The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-10-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14925 |
| _version_ | 1797575782272335872 |
|---|---|
| author | Iris Stolzer Eveline Scherer Patrick Süß Veit Rothhammer Beate Winner Markus F. Neurath Claudia Günther |
| author_facet | Iris Stolzer Eveline Scherer Patrick Süß Veit Rothhammer Beate Winner Markus F. Neurath Claudia Günther |
| author_sort | Iris Stolzer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut–brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Microbiota–gut–brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut–brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e07716ca4c9f48d787f6927adf93a177 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:43:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-e07716ca4c9f48d787f6927adf93a1772023-11-19T14:32:39ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-10-0124191492510.3390/ijms241914925Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and NeurodegenerationIris Stolzer0Eveline Scherer1Patrick Süß2Veit Rothhammer3Beate Winner4Markus F. Neurath5Claudia Günther6Department of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Molecular Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Neurology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Stem Cell Biology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyDepartment of Medicine 1, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, GermanyThe gut microbiome plays a pivotal role in maintaining human health, with numerous studies demonstrating that alterations in microbial compositions can significantly affect the development and progression of various immune-mediated diseases affecting both the digestive tract and the central nervous system (CNS). This complex interplay between the microbiota, the gut, and the CNS is referred to as the gut–brain axis. The role of the gut microbiota in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases has gained increasing attention in recent years, and evidence suggests that gut dysbiosis may contribute to disease development and progression. Clinical studies have shown alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota in multiple sclerosis patients, with a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory bacteria. Furthermore, changes within the microbial community have been linked to the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease and Alzheimer’s disease. Microbiota–gut–brain communication can impact neurodegenerative diseases through various mechanisms, including the regulation of immune function, the production of microbial metabolites, as well as modulation of host-derived soluble factors. This review describes the current literature on the gut–brain axis and highlights novel communication systems that allow cross-talk between the gut microbiota and the host that might influence the pathogenesis of neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14925neurodegenerative diseasesmicrobial dysbiosisgut–brain-axis |
| spellingShingle | Iris Stolzer Eveline Scherer Patrick Süß Veit Rothhammer Beate Winner Markus F. Neurath Claudia Günther Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration International Journal of Molecular Sciences neurodegenerative diseases microbial dysbiosis gut–brain-axis |
| title | Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_full | Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_short | Impact of Microbiome–Brain Communication on Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration |
| title_sort | impact of microbiome brain communication on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration |
| topic | neurodegenerative diseases microbial dysbiosis gut–brain-axis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/19/14925 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT irisstolzer impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT evelinescherer impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT patricksuß impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT veitrothhammer impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT beatewinner impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT markusfneurath impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration AT claudiagunther impactofmicrobiomebraincommunicationonneuroinflammationandneurodegeneration |