Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report
Subchondral bone defects around the knee joint are uncommon in skeletally immature patients. These lesions require comprehensive management, especially if related to periarticular bacterial infections. While pediatric osteomyelitis typically affects the metaphysis of long bones, the epiphysis is als...
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Life |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/11/1754 |
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| author | Christian D. Weber Filippo Migliorini Heide Delbrück Frank Hildebrand |
| author_facet | Christian D. Weber Filippo Migliorini Heide Delbrück Frank Hildebrand |
| author_sort | Christian D. Weber |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Subchondral bone defects around the knee joint are uncommon in skeletally immature patients. These lesions require comprehensive management, especially if related to periarticular bacterial infections. While pediatric osteomyelitis typically affects the metaphysis of long bones, the epiphysis is also a potential site for pyogenic osteomyelitis. Long-term sequelae may include growth plate injury and articular cartilage degradation. Primary epiphyseal subacute osteomyelitis is an extremely rare condition, mainly affecting neonates or young infants, as the cartilage of the growth plate generally acts as a barrier for pathogens. Radiographically, the lesions may appear radiolucent or lytic and often demonstrate a substantial perilesional bone marrow edema in MRI studies, but do not primarily contact the articular surface. However, if diagnosis and treatment of epiphyseal infections are delayed or missed, abscess formation may spread into the knee joint and progress to septic arthritis. Approaching a distal femoral epiphyseal lesion or subsequent bone defect surgically may be limited anatomically by both the subchondral plate and articular cartilage on the distal side and the growth plate proximally. Of the few reported cases of epiphyseal osteomyelitis, most underwent non-operative treatment including antibiotic coverage, or (staged) aggressive surgical care involving open curettage, irrigation and bone grafting. We report a novel combination of arthroscopic techniques, namely “ossoscopy”, bone grafting and antibiotics, to approach a large lateral femoral epiphyseal lesion with knee involvement. In this case report, we present a 5-year old male patient with subacute posttraumatic knee pain and a significant bone defect of the lateral femoral epiphysis related to pyogenic osteomyelitis. The knee joint and periarticular bone lesion were both debrided and irrigated based on arthroscopic and ossoscopic techniques.The osseous lesion was filled with bone graft. The single-stage procedure proved to be a viable treatment to restore both the large subchondral bone defect and full knee function. Over a course of two years, no recurrent symptoms, infection or growth disturbances were observed in the individual. |
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| language | English |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e07a81320f03401a8d9b72af1baca12e2023-11-24T05:30:25ZengMDPI AGLife2075-17292022-11-011211175410.3390/life12111754Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case ReportChristian D. Weber0Filippo Migliorini1Heide Delbrück2Frank Hildebrand3Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Medical Center, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Medical Center, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Medical Center, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, GermanyDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Trauma and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH Aachen University Medical Center, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074 Aachen, GermanySubchondral bone defects around the knee joint are uncommon in skeletally immature patients. These lesions require comprehensive management, especially if related to periarticular bacterial infections. While pediatric osteomyelitis typically affects the metaphysis of long bones, the epiphysis is also a potential site for pyogenic osteomyelitis. Long-term sequelae may include growth plate injury and articular cartilage degradation. Primary epiphyseal subacute osteomyelitis is an extremely rare condition, mainly affecting neonates or young infants, as the cartilage of the growth plate generally acts as a barrier for pathogens. Radiographically, the lesions may appear radiolucent or lytic and often demonstrate a substantial perilesional bone marrow edema in MRI studies, but do not primarily contact the articular surface. However, if diagnosis and treatment of epiphyseal infections are delayed or missed, abscess formation may spread into the knee joint and progress to septic arthritis. Approaching a distal femoral epiphyseal lesion or subsequent bone defect surgically may be limited anatomically by both the subchondral plate and articular cartilage on the distal side and the growth plate proximally. Of the few reported cases of epiphyseal osteomyelitis, most underwent non-operative treatment including antibiotic coverage, or (staged) aggressive surgical care involving open curettage, irrigation and bone grafting. We report a novel combination of arthroscopic techniques, namely “ossoscopy”, bone grafting and antibiotics, to approach a large lateral femoral epiphyseal lesion with knee involvement. In this case report, we present a 5-year old male patient with subacute posttraumatic knee pain and a significant bone defect of the lateral femoral epiphysis related to pyogenic osteomyelitis. The knee joint and periarticular bone lesion were both debrided and irrigated based on arthroscopic and ossoscopic techniques.The osseous lesion was filled with bone graft. The single-stage procedure proved to be a viable treatment to restore both the large subchondral bone defect and full knee function. Over a course of two years, no recurrent symptoms, infection or growth disturbances were observed in the individual.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/11/1754pediatric kneerepetitive traumasubchondral defectseptic arthritisepiphyseal osteomyelitis |
| spellingShingle | Christian D. Weber Filippo Migliorini Heide Delbrück Frank Hildebrand Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report Life pediatric knee repetitive trauma subchondral defect septic arthritis epiphyseal osteomyelitis |
| title | Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report |
| title_full | Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report |
| title_fullStr | Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report |
| title_full_unstemmed | Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report |
| title_short | Surgical Management of an Osteomyelitis Associated Subchondral Bone Defect in the Pediatric Knee Based on Arthroscopy, “Ossoscopy” and Bone Grafting—A Case Report |
| title_sort | surgical management of an osteomyelitis associated subchondral bone defect in the pediatric knee based on arthroscopy ossoscopy and bone grafting a case report |
| topic | pediatric knee repetitive trauma subchondral defect septic arthritis epiphyseal osteomyelitis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-1729/12/11/1754 |
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