PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One mechanism that directs the action of the second messengers, cAMP and diacylglycerol, is the compartmentalization of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) can recruit both enzymes t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2001-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Neuroscience |
| Online Access: | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/2/17 |
| _version_ | 1818646442551541760 |
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| author | Newton Alexandra Smith Donelson Violin Jonathan D Barraclough David M Deerinck Thomas J Martone Maryann Yao Virginia J Humphries Kenneth Huang Lily Wang Lin Perkins Guy A Scott John D Taylor Susan S Ellisman Mark H |
| author_facet | Newton Alexandra Smith Donelson Violin Jonathan D Barraclough David M Deerinck Thomas J Martone Maryann Yao Virginia J Humphries Kenneth Huang Lily Wang Lin Perkins Guy A Scott John D Taylor Susan S Ellisman Mark H |
| author_sort | Newton Alexandra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One mechanism that directs the action of the second messengers, cAMP and diacylglycerol, is the compartmentalization of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) can recruit both enzymes to specific subcellular locations via interactions with the various isoforms of each family of kinases. We found previously that a new class of AKAPs, dual-specific AKAPs, denoted D-AKAP1 and D-AKAP2, bind to RIα in addition to the RII subunits.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used here to determine that D-AKAP1 colocalizes with RIα at the postsynaptic membrane of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the adjacent muscle, but not in the presynaptic region. The labeling pattern for RIα and D-AKAP1 overlapped with mitochondrial staining in the muscle fibers, consistent with our previous work showing D-AKAP1 association with mitochondria in cultured cells. The immunoreactivity of D-AKAP2 was distinct from that of D-AKAP1. We also report here that even though the PKA type II subunits (RIIα and RIIβ) are localized at the NMJ, their patterns are distinctive and differ from the other R and D-AKAP patterns examined. PKCβ appeared to colocalize with the AKAP, gravin, at the postsynaptic membrane.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The kinases and AKAPs investigated have distinct patterns of colocalization, which suggest a complex arrangement of signaling micro-environments. Because the labeling patterns for RIα and D-AKAP 1 are similar in the muscle fibers and at the postsynaptic membrane, it may be that this AKAP anchors RIα in these regions. Likewise, gravin may be an anchor of PKCβ at the NMJ.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:46:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e082c82130494215982bc2ba46e6efb8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2202 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T00:46:42Z |
| publishDate | 2001-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-e082c82130494215982bc2ba46e6efb82022-12-21T22:09:54ZengBMCBMC Neuroscience1471-22022001-10-01211710.1186/1471-2202-2-17PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junctionNewton AlexandraSmith DonelsonViolin Jonathan DBarraclough David MDeerinck Thomas JMartone MaryannYao Virginia JHumphries KennethHuang LilyWang LinPerkins Guy AScott John DTaylor Susan SEllisman Mark H<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>One mechanism that directs the action of the second messengers, cAMP and diacylglycerol, is the compartmentalization of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC). A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs) can recruit both enzymes to specific subcellular locations via interactions with the various isoforms of each family of kinases. We found previously that a new class of AKAPs, dual-specific AKAPs, denoted D-AKAP1 and D-AKAP2, bind to RIα in addition to the RII subunits.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Immunohistochemistry and confocal microscopy were used here to determine that D-AKAP1 colocalizes with RIα at the postsynaptic membrane of the vertebrate neuromuscular junction (NMJ) and the adjacent muscle, but not in the presynaptic region. The labeling pattern for RIα and D-AKAP1 overlapped with mitochondrial staining in the muscle fibers, consistent with our previous work showing D-AKAP1 association with mitochondria in cultured cells. The immunoreactivity of D-AKAP2 was distinct from that of D-AKAP1. We also report here that even though the PKA type II subunits (RIIα and RIIβ) are localized at the NMJ, their patterns are distinctive and differ from the other R and D-AKAP patterns examined. PKCβ appeared to colocalize with the AKAP, gravin, at the postsynaptic membrane.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The kinases and AKAPs investigated have distinct patterns of colocalization, which suggest a complex arrangement of signaling micro-environments. Because the labeling patterns for RIα and D-AKAP 1 are similar in the muscle fibers and at the postsynaptic membrane, it may be that this AKAP anchors RIα in these regions. Likewise, gravin may be an anchor of PKCβ at the NMJ.</p>http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/2/17 |
| spellingShingle | Newton Alexandra Smith Donelson Violin Jonathan D Barraclough David M Deerinck Thomas J Martone Maryann Yao Virginia J Humphries Kenneth Huang Lily Wang Lin Perkins Guy A Scott John D Taylor Susan S Ellisman Mark H PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction BMC Neuroscience |
| title | PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| title_full | PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| title_fullStr | PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| title_full_unstemmed | PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| title_short | PKA, PKC, and AKAP localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| title_sort | pka pkc and akap localization in and around the neuromuscular junction |
| url | http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2202/2/17 |
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