Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration
Wool derived keratin has garnered significant advancements in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. The main limitation of keratin-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is their fragile nature. This paper proposes the development of a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (H...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021023975 |
| _version_ | 1818936549657542656 |
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| author | Sandleen Feroz George Dias |
| author_facet | Sandleen Feroz George Dias |
| author_sort | Sandleen Feroz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wool derived keratin has garnered significant advancements in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. The main limitation of keratin-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is their fragile nature. This paper proposes the development of a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin scaffold, containing hydroxyapatite as a major inorganic component by freeze drying technique for alveolar bone regeneration. The prepared keratin/hydroxyapatite/HPMC (K/HA/HPMC) scaffold was characterized to study its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis. The SEM images of the scaffolds showed highly porous interconnected architecture with average pore size of 108.36 ± 22.56 while microcomputed tomographic analysis measured total porosity as 79.65 %±. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis confirmed that inorganic component of scaffold was mainly composed of calcium and phosphorous ions having Ca/P molar ration of 1.6. The maximum compressive strength was found to be in the range of 0.841 ± 0.37 MPa. Furthermore, the K/HA/HPMC scaffold was structurally stable and weight loss of about 26% was observed when soaked in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) for 28 days. In vitro biocompatibility testing showed that K/HA/HPMC scaffold was cytocompatible and supported the attachment, proliferation of osteoblast (Saos-2) cells. Thus, the development of a non-toxic chemical cross-linking system with HPMC was investigated to fabricate K/HA/HPMC scaffold and our results showed great potential of these scaffolds to regenerate alveolar bone due to their structural similarity and excellent in vitro biocompatibility. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:37:50Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0955750d8f34baf8e2abd16726f830d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:37:50Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0955750d8f34baf8e2abd16726f830d2022-12-21T19:51:34ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402021-11-01711e08294Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regenerationSandleen Feroz0George Dias1Corresponding author.; Department of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New ZealandDepartment of Anatomy, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Otago, Dunedin, 9054, New ZealandWool derived keratin has garnered significant advancements in the field of biomaterials for hard tissue regeneration. The main limitation of keratin-based biomaterials for bone tissue engineering is their fragile nature. This paper proposes the development of a novel hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin scaffold, containing hydroxyapatite as a major inorganic component by freeze drying technique for alveolar bone regeneration. The prepared keratin/hydroxyapatite/HPMC (K/HA/HPMC) scaffold was characterized to study its chemical, physical, and mechanical properties by Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-Ray diffractometric (XRD) analysis. The SEM images of the scaffolds showed highly porous interconnected architecture with average pore size of 108.36 ± 22.56 while microcomputed tomographic analysis measured total porosity as 79.65 %±. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopic (EDX) analysis confirmed that inorganic component of scaffold was mainly composed of calcium and phosphorous ions having Ca/P molar ration of 1.6. The maximum compressive strength was found to be in the range of 0.841 ± 0.37 MPa. Furthermore, the K/HA/HPMC scaffold was structurally stable and weight loss of about 26% was observed when soaked in phosphate buffered solution (PBS) for 28 days. In vitro biocompatibility testing showed that K/HA/HPMC scaffold was cytocompatible and supported the attachment, proliferation of osteoblast (Saos-2) cells. Thus, the development of a non-toxic chemical cross-linking system with HPMC was investigated to fabricate K/HA/HPMC scaffold and our results showed great potential of these scaffolds to regenerate alveolar bone due to their structural similarity and excellent in vitro biocompatibility.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021023975Keratin(Hydroxypropyl) methylcelluloseHydroxyapatiteAlveolar boneDental implantsTissue engineering |
| spellingShingle | Sandleen Feroz George Dias Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration Heliyon Keratin (Hydroxypropyl) methylcellulose Hydroxyapatite Alveolar bone Dental implants Tissue engineering |
| title | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| title_full | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| title_fullStr | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| title_short | Hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMC) crosslinked keratin/hydroxyapatite (HA) scaffold fabrication, characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| title_sort | hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose hpmc crosslinked keratin hydroxyapatite ha scaffold fabrication characterization and in vitro biocompatibility assessment as a bone graft for alveolar bone regeneration |
| topic | Keratin (Hydroxypropyl) methylcellulose Hydroxyapatite Alveolar bone Dental implants Tissue engineering |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844021023975 |
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