Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia
To allow better diagnosis and management of psychiatric illnesses, the use of easily accessible biomarkers are proposed. Therefore, recognition of some diseases by a set of related pathogenesis biomarkers is a promising approach. The study aims to assess the usefulness of examining oxidative stress...
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4156 |
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| author | Dariusz Juchnowicz Michał Dzikowski Joanna Rog Napoleon Waszkiewicz Kaja Hanna Karakuła Anna Zalewska Mateusz Maciejczyk Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz |
| author_facet | Dariusz Juchnowicz Michał Dzikowski Joanna Rog Napoleon Waszkiewicz Kaja Hanna Karakuła Anna Zalewska Mateusz Maciejczyk Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz |
| author_sort | Dariusz Juchnowicz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To allow better diagnosis and management of psychiatric illnesses, the use of easily accessible biomarkers are proposed. Therefore, recognition of some diseases by a set of related pathogenesis biomarkers is a promising approach. The study aims to assess the usefulness of examining oxidative stress (OS) in schizophrenia as a potential biomarker of illness using the commonly used data mining decision tree method. The study group was comprised of 147 participants: 98 patients with schizophrenia (SZ group), and the control group (n = 49; HC). The patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups: first-episode schizophrenia (n = 49; FS) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 49; CS). The assessment included the following biomarkers in sera of patients: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), dityrosine (DITYR), kynurenine (KYN), N-formylkynurenine (NFK), tryptophan (TRY), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO) and total protein. Maximum accuracy (89.36%) for distinguishing SZ from HC was attained with TOS and GPx (cut-off points: 392.70 and 15.33). For differentiating between FS and CS, the most promising were KYN, AOPP, TAC and NO (100%; cut-off points: 721.20, 0.55, 64.76 and 2.59). To distinguish FS from HC, maximum accuracy was found for GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 859.96 and 0.31), and in order to distinguish CS from HC, the most promising were GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 0.26 and 343.28). Using redox biomarkers would be the most promising approach for discriminating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals and, in the future, could be used as an add-on marker to diagnose and/or respond to treatment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:34:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0959cc2602b47119a8f41d013eaad94 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:34:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0959cc2602b47119a8f41d013eaad942023-11-22T13:40:22ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832021-09-011018415610.3390/jcm10184156Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of SchizophreniaDariusz Juchnowicz0Michał Dzikowski1Joanna Rog2Napoleon Waszkiewicz3Kaja Hanna Karakuła4Anna Zalewska5Mateusz Maciejczyk6Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz7Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Medical University of Lublin, 20-124 Lublin, Poland1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, Poland1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Psychiatry, Medical University of Bialystok, 16-070 Choroszcz, Poland1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, PolandExperimental Dentistry Laboratory and Department of Restorative Dentistry, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-437 Bialystok, PolandDepartment of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Ergonomics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-089 Bialystok, Poland1st Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Early Intervention, Medical University of Lublin, 20-439 Lublin, PolandTo allow better diagnosis and management of psychiatric illnesses, the use of easily accessible biomarkers are proposed. Therefore, recognition of some diseases by a set of related pathogenesis biomarkers is a promising approach. The study aims to assess the usefulness of examining oxidative stress (OS) in schizophrenia as a potential biomarker of illness using the commonly used data mining decision tree method. The study group was comprised of 147 participants: 98 patients with schizophrenia (SZ group), and the control group (n = 49; HC). The patients with schizophrenia were divided into two groups: first-episode schizophrenia (n = 49; FS) and chronic schizophrenia (n = 49; CS). The assessment included the following biomarkers in sera of patients: catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), advanced glycation end products (AGEs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), dityrosine (DITYR), kynurenine (KYN), N-formylkynurenine (NFK), tryptophan (TRY), total oxidant status (TOS), nitric oxide (NO) and total protein. Maximum accuracy (89.36%) for distinguishing SZ from HC was attained with TOS and GPx (cut-off points: 392.70 and 15.33). For differentiating between FS and CS, the most promising were KYN, AOPP, TAC and NO (100%; cut-off points: 721.20, 0.55, 64.76 and 2.59). To distinguish FS from HC, maximum accuracy was found for GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 859.96 and 0.31), and in order to distinguish CS from HC, the most promising were GSH and TOS (100%; cut-off points: 0.26 and 343.28). Using redox biomarkers would be the most promising approach for discriminating patients with schizophrenia from healthy individuals and, in the future, could be used as an add-on marker to diagnose and/or respond to treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4156biomarkersschizophreniaoxidative stressredox biomarkersdata mining |
| spellingShingle | Dariusz Juchnowicz Michał Dzikowski Joanna Rog Napoleon Waszkiewicz Kaja Hanna Karakuła Anna Zalewska Mateusz Maciejczyk Hanna Karakula-Juchnowicz Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia Journal of Clinical Medicine biomarkers schizophrenia oxidative stress redox biomarkers data mining |
| title | Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia |
| title_full | Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia |
| title_fullStr | Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia |
| title_short | Pro/Antioxidant State as a Potential Biomarker of Schizophrenia |
| title_sort | pro antioxidant state as a potential biomarker of schizophrenia |
| topic | biomarkers schizophrenia oxidative stress redox biomarkers data mining |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/10/18/4156 |
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