Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids
The process of pit formation in plants still has various questions unaddressed and unknown, which opens up many interesting and new research opportunities. The aim of this work was elucidation of the mechanism for the formation of bordered pits of the spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Kars...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1968 |
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| author | Dmitry G. Chukhchin Ksenia Vashukova Evgeniy Novozhilov |
| author_facet | Dmitry G. Chukhchin Ksenia Vashukova Evgeniy Novozhilov |
| author_sort | Dmitry G. Chukhchin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The process of pit formation in plants still has various questions unaddressed and unknown, which opens up many interesting and new research opportunities. The aim of this work was elucidation of the mechanism for the formation of bordered pits of the spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) tracheid with exosomes participation and mechanical deformation of the cell wall. Sample sections were prepared from spruce stem samples after cryomechanical destruction with liquid nitrogen. The study methods included scanning electron microscopy and enzymatic treatment. Enzymatic treatment of the elements of the bordered pit made it possible to clarify the localization of cellulose and pectin. SEM images of intermediate stages of bordered pit formation in the radial and tangential directions were obtained. An asynchronous mechanism of formation of bordered-pit pairs in tracheids is proposed. The formation of the pit pair begins from the side of the initiator cell and is associated with enzymatic hydrolysis of the secondary cell wall and subsequent mechanical deformation of the primary cell walls. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the S<sub>1</sub> layer of the secondary cell wall is carried out by exosome-delivered endoglucanases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:17:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0997337a9be420dbd54a40d17ab5146 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:17:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0997337a9be420dbd54a40d17ab51462023-11-22T14:54:31ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-09-01109196810.3390/plants10091968Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce TracheidsDmitry G. Chukhchin0Ksenia Vashukova1Evgeniy Novozhilov2Department of Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, RussiaDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, RussiaDepartment of Biology, Ecology and Biotechnology, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Northern Dvina Embankment 17, 163002 Arkhangelsk, RussiaThe process of pit formation in plants still has various questions unaddressed and unknown, which opens up many interesting and new research opportunities. The aim of this work was elucidation of the mechanism for the formation of bordered pits of the spruce (<i>Picea abies</i> (L.) Karst.) tracheid with exosomes participation and mechanical deformation of the cell wall. Sample sections were prepared from spruce stem samples after cryomechanical destruction with liquid nitrogen. The study methods included scanning electron microscopy and enzymatic treatment. Enzymatic treatment of the elements of the bordered pit made it possible to clarify the localization of cellulose and pectin. SEM images of intermediate stages of bordered pit formation in the radial and tangential directions were obtained. An asynchronous mechanism of formation of bordered-pit pairs in tracheids is proposed. The formation of the pit pair begins from the side of the initiator cell and is associated with enzymatic hydrolysis of the secondary cell wall and subsequent mechanical deformation of the primary cell walls. Enzymatic hydrolysis of the S<sub>1</sub> layer of the secondary cell wall is carried out by exosome-delivered endoglucanases.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1968pit formationtracheidsborded pitexosomesendoglucanasescell wall structure |
| spellingShingle | Dmitry G. Chukhchin Ksenia Vashukova Evgeniy Novozhilov Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids Plants pit formation tracheids borded pit exosomes endoglucanases cell wall structure |
| title | Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids |
| title_full | Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids |
| title_fullStr | Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids |
| title_short | Bordered Pit Formation in Cell Walls of Spruce Tracheids |
| title_sort | bordered pit formation in cell walls of spruce tracheids |
| topic | pit formation tracheids borded pit exosomes endoglucanases cell wall structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/9/1968 |
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