Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile
Aminomalononitrile (AMN), the HCN formal trimer, is a molecule of interest in prebiotic chemistry, in fine organic synthesis, and, currently, in materials science, mainly for bio-applications. Herein, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements by means of non-isothermal experiments of the...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/486 |
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| author | Carlos Hortelano Marta Ruiz-Bermejo José L. de la Fuente |
| author_facet | Carlos Hortelano Marta Ruiz-Bermejo José L. de la Fuente |
| author_sort | Carlos Hortelano |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Aminomalononitrile (AMN), the HCN formal trimer, is a molecule of interest in prebiotic chemistry, in fine organic synthesis, and, currently, in materials science, mainly for bio-applications. Herein, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements by means of non-isothermal experiments of the stable AMN <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate salt (AMNS) showed successful bulk AMN polymerization. The results indicated that this thermally stimulated polymerization is initiated at relatively low temperatures, and an autocatalytic kinetic model can be used to appropriately describe, determining the kinetic triplet, including the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor, and the mechanism function (<i>E<sub>α</sub></i>, <i>A</i> and <i>f</i>(<i>α</i>)). A preliminary structural characterization, by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, supported the effective generation of HCN-derived polymers prepared from AMNS. This study demonstrated the autocatalytic, highly efficient, and straightforward character of AMN polymerization, and to the best of our knowledge, it describes, for the first time, a systematic and extended kinetic analysis for gaining mechanistic insights into this process. The latter was accomplished through the help of simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG)-DSC and the in situ mass spectrometry (MS) technique for investigating the gas products generated during these polymerizations. These analyses revealed that dehydrocyanation and deamination processes must be important elimination reactions involved in the complex AMN polymerization mechanism. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0b33ffb8767403190b3e455aac74155 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:29:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0b33ffb8767403190b3e455aac741552023-11-16T17:46:13ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-01-0115348610.3390/polym15030486Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: AminomalononitrileCarlos Hortelano0Marta Ruiz-Bermejo1José L. de la Fuente2Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Ctra. de Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainCentro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA, Ctra. de Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainInstituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial “Esteban Terradas” (INTA), Ctra. de Torrejón-Ajalvir, km 4, Torrejón de Ardoz, 28850 Madrid, SpainAminomalononitrile (AMN), the HCN formal trimer, is a molecule of interest in prebiotic chemistry, in fine organic synthesis, and, currently, in materials science, mainly for bio-applications. Herein, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements by means of non-isothermal experiments of the stable AMN <i>p</i>-toluenesulfonate salt (AMNS) showed successful bulk AMN polymerization. The results indicated that this thermally stimulated polymerization is initiated at relatively low temperatures, and an autocatalytic kinetic model can be used to appropriately describe, determining the kinetic triplet, including the activation energy, the pre-exponential factor, and the mechanism function (<i>E<sub>α</sub></i>, <i>A</i> and <i>f</i>(<i>α</i>)). A preliminary structural characterization, by means of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, supported the effective generation of HCN-derived polymers prepared from AMNS. This study demonstrated the autocatalytic, highly efficient, and straightforward character of AMN polymerization, and to the best of our knowledge, it describes, for the first time, a systematic and extended kinetic analysis for gaining mechanistic insights into this process. The latter was accomplished through the help of simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG)-DSC and the in situ mass spectrometry (MS) technique for investigating the gas products generated during these polymerizations. These analyses revealed that dehydrocyanation and deamination processes must be important elimination reactions involved in the complex AMN polymerization mechanism.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/486HCN polymersaminomalononitrilebulk polymerizationDSCkineticmechanism |
| spellingShingle | Carlos Hortelano Marta Ruiz-Bermejo José L. de la Fuente Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile Polymers HCN polymers aminomalononitrile bulk polymerization DSC kinetic mechanism |
| title | Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile |
| title_full | Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile |
| title_fullStr | Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile |
| title_full_unstemmed | Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile |
| title_short | Kinetic Study of the Effective Thermal Polymerization of a Prebiotic Monomer: Aminomalononitrile |
| title_sort | kinetic study of the effective thermal polymerization of a prebiotic monomer aminomalononitrile |
| topic | HCN polymers aminomalononitrile bulk polymerization DSC kinetic mechanism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/3/486 |
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