Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses
Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can result in adverse perinatal outcomes due to cardiac dysfunction. This study used 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess left ventricle (LV) longitudinal strain across FGR severity stages. A prospective longitudinal cohort study measured global (GLS) and seg...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-03-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/5/548 |
| _version_ | 1827319741617799168 |
|---|---|
| author | Carla Domínguez-Gallardo Nuria Ginjaume-García Johana Ullmo Juan Parra Ana Vázquez Mónica Cruz-Lemini Elisa Llurba |
| author_facet | Carla Domínguez-Gallardo Nuria Ginjaume-García Johana Ullmo Juan Parra Ana Vázquez Mónica Cruz-Lemini Elisa Llurba |
| author_sort | Carla Domínguez-Gallardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fetal growth restriction (FGR) can result in adverse perinatal outcomes due to cardiac dysfunction. This study used 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess left ventricle (LV) longitudinal strain across FGR severity stages. A prospective longitudinal cohort study measured global (GLS) and segmental LV longitudinal strain in FGR fetuses, with evaluations conducted at various time points. FGR was classified into subtypes based on published criteria using fetal weight centile and Doppler parameters. A linear mixed model was employed to analyze repeated measures and compare Z-score measurements between groups throughout gestational age. The study included 40 FGR fetuses and a total of 107 evaluations were performed: 21 from small for gestational age (SGA), 74 from the FGR stage I, and 12 from the FGR stage ≥ II. The results indicate that SGA and stage I FGR fetuses exhibit higher LV GLS than stages ≥ II. Throughout gestation, SGA and FGR stage I fetuses showed similar behavior with consistently better LV GLS values when compared to FGR stages ≥ II. No significant differences were observed in LV GLS strain behavior between SGA and FGR stage I. In conclusion, all FGRs show signs of early cardiac dysfunction, with severe cases demonstrating significantly a lower LV GLS when compared to mild cases, suggesting deterioration of cardiac dysfunction with progression of fetal compromise. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:32:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0b960d0be834f3daba9dd6ae2223a24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:32:42Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0b960d0be834f3daba9dd6ae2223a242024-03-12T16:42:08ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-03-0114554810.3390/diagnostics14050548Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted FetusesCarla Domínguez-Gallardo0Nuria Ginjaume-García1Johana Ullmo2Juan Parra3Ana Vázquez4Mónica Cruz-Lemini5Elisa Llurba6Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainApplied Statistics Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau-IIB Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08025 Barcelona, SpainFetal growth restriction (FGR) can result in adverse perinatal outcomes due to cardiac dysfunction. This study used 2D speckle-tracking echocardiography to assess left ventricle (LV) longitudinal strain across FGR severity stages. A prospective longitudinal cohort study measured global (GLS) and segmental LV longitudinal strain in FGR fetuses, with evaluations conducted at various time points. FGR was classified into subtypes based on published criteria using fetal weight centile and Doppler parameters. A linear mixed model was employed to analyze repeated measures and compare Z-score measurements between groups throughout gestational age. The study included 40 FGR fetuses and a total of 107 evaluations were performed: 21 from small for gestational age (SGA), 74 from the FGR stage I, and 12 from the FGR stage ≥ II. The results indicate that SGA and stage I FGR fetuses exhibit higher LV GLS than stages ≥ II. Throughout gestation, SGA and FGR stage I fetuses showed similar behavior with consistently better LV GLS values when compared to FGR stages ≥ II. No significant differences were observed in LV GLS strain behavior between SGA and FGR stage I. In conclusion, all FGRs show signs of early cardiac dysfunction, with severe cases demonstrating significantly a lower LV GLS when compared to mild cases, suggesting deterioration of cardiac dysfunction with progression of fetal compromise.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/5/548fetal echocardiographyprenatal diagnosis2D speckle trackingstrainfetal growth restrictionfetal cardiac function |
| spellingShingle | Carla Domínguez-Gallardo Nuria Ginjaume-García Johana Ullmo Juan Parra Ana Vázquez Mónica Cruz-Lemini Elisa Llurba Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses Diagnostics fetal echocardiography prenatal diagnosis 2D speckle tracking strain fetal growth restriction fetal cardiac function |
| title | Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses |
| title_full | Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses |
| title_fullStr | Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses |
| title_short | Fetal Left Ventricle Function Evaluated by Two-Dimensional Speckle-Tracking Echocardiography across Clinical Stages of Severity in Growth-Restricted Fetuses |
| title_sort | fetal left ventricle function evaluated by two dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography across clinical stages of severity in growth restricted fetuses |
| topic | fetal echocardiography prenatal diagnosis 2D speckle tracking strain fetal growth restriction fetal cardiac function |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/5/548 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT carladominguezgallardo fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT nuriaginjaumegarcia fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT johanaullmo fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT juanparra fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT anavazquez fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT monicacruzlemini fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses AT elisallurba fetalleftventriclefunctionevaluatedbytwodimensionalspeckletrackingechocardiographyacrossclinicalstagesofseverityingrowthrestrictedfetuses |