Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters
The Single-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (SSGC-SPV) topology has recently gained significant attention, as it offers promising advantages in terms of reducing overall losses and installation costs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the system components, which include the photovoltaic...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7901 |
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| author | Saliha Gada Arezki Fekik Miroslav Mahdal Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Ahmed Maidi Ali Bouhedda |
| author_facet | Saliha Gada Arezki Fekik Miroslav Mahdal Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Ahmed Maidi Ali Bouhedda |
| author_sort | Saliha Gada |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Single-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (SSGC-SPV) topology has recently gained significant attention, as it offers promising advantages in terms of reducing overall losses and installation costs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the system components, which include the photovoltaic generator, the inverter, the Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (IC-MPPT) algorithm, and the PI regulator for DC bus voltage control. Moreover, this study presents detailed system configurations and control schemes for two types of inverters: 2L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PVSI and 3L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PNPC. In order to perform a comparative study between the two structures, we subjected them to the same irradiation profile using the same grid configuration. The Photovoltaic Array (PVA) irradiance is increased instantaneously, in 0.2 s, from 400 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 800 W/m<sup>2</sup>, is kept at 800 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s, is then gradually decreased from 800 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> in 0.2 s, is then kept at 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s, and is then finally increased to 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s. We explain the operational principles of these inverters and describe the various switching states involved in generating output voltages. To achieve effective control, we adopt the Finite Set–Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) algorithm, due to the benefits of excellent dynamic responsiveness and precise current tracking abilities. This algorithm aims to minimise the cost function, while taking into account the dynamic behaviour of both the PV system and the inverter, including any associated delays. To evaluate the performance of the FS-MPC controller, we compare its application in the three-level inverter configuration with the two-level inverter setup. The DC bus voltage is maintained at 615 V using the PI controller. The objective is to achieve a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) below 5%, with reference to the IEEE standards. The 2L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PVSI inverter is above the threshold at an irradiance of 200 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The 3L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PNPC inverter offers a great THD percentage, meaning improved quality of the power returned to the grid. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:01:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-e0b9d723e7204963b0cfe7d152c7d7b92023-11-19T12:55:47ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012318790110.3390/s23187901Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level InvertersSaliha Gada0Arezki Fekik1Miroslav Mahdal2Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan3Ahmed Maidi4Ali Bouhedda5Laboratoire de Conception et Conduite des Systèmes de Production, Faculté de Génie Électrique et d’Informatique, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, AlgeriaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University Akli Mohand Oulhadj-Bouria, Rue Drissi Yahia Bouira, Bouira 10000, AlgeriaDepartment of Control Systems and Instrumentation, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, 17. Listopadu 2172/15, 70800 Ostrava, Czech RepublicCentre for Control Systems, Vel Tech University, 400 Feet Outer Ring Road, Vel Nagar, Avadi, Chennai 600062, Tamil Nadu, IndiaLaboratoire de Conception et Conduite des Systèmes de Production, Faculté de Génie Électrique et d’Informatique, Université Mouloud Mammeri, Tizi-Ouzou 15000, AlgeriaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, University Akli Mohand Oulhadj-Bouria, Rue Drissi Yahia Bouira, Bouira 10000, AlgeriaThe Single-Stage Grid-Connected Solar Photovoltaic (SSGC-SPV) topology has recently gained significant attention, as it offers promising advantages in terms of reducing overall losses and installation costs. We provide a comprehensive overview of the system components, which include the photovoltaic generator, the inverter, the Incremental Conductance Maximum Power Point Tracking (IC-MPPT) algorithm, and the PI regulator for DC bus voltage control. Moreover, this study presents detailed system configurations and control schemes for two types of inverters: 2L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PVSI and 3L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PNPC. In order to perform a comparative study between the two structures, we subjected them to the same irradiation profile using the same grid configuration. The Photovoltaic Array (PVA) irradiance is increased instantaneously, in 0.2 s, from 400 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 800 W/m<sup>2</sup>, is kept at 800 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s, is then gradually decreased from 800 W/m<sup>2</sup> to 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> in 0.2 s, is then kept at 200 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s, and is then finally increased to 1000 W/m<sup>2</sup> for 0.2 s. We explain the operational principles of these inverters and describe the various switching states involved in generating output voltages. To achieve effective control, we adopt the Finite Set–Model Predictive Control (FS-MPC) algorithm, due to the benefits of excellent dynamic responsiveness and precise current tracking abilities. This algorithm aims to minimise the cost function, while taking into account the dynamic behaviour of both the PV system and the inverter, including any associated delays. To evaluate the performance of the FS-MPC controller, we compare its application in the three-level inverter configuration with the two-level inverter setup. The DC bus voltage is maintained at 615 V using the PI controller. The objective is to achieve a Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) below 5%, with reference to the IEEE standards. The 2L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PVSI inverter is above the threshold at an irradiance of 200 W/m<sup>2</sup>. The 3L<inline-formula><math display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>3PNPC inverter offers a great THD percentage, meaning improved quality of the power returned to the grid.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/79012L−3PVSI inverter3L−3PNPC invertercost functionfinite set model predictive controlincremental conductancemaximum power point tracking |
| spellingShingle | Saliha Gada Arezki Fekik Miroslav Mahdal Sundarapandian Vaidyanathan Ahmed Maidi Ali Bouhedda Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters Sensors 2L−3PVSI inverter 3L−3PNPC inverter cost function finite set model predictive control incremental conductance maximum power point tracking |
| title | Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters |
| title_full | Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters |
| title_fullStr | Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters |
| title_full_unstemmed | Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters |
| title_short | Improving Power Quality in Grid-Connected Photovoltaic Systems: A Comparative Analysis of Model Predictive Control in Three-Level and Two-Level Inverters |
| title_sort | improving power quality in grid connected photovoltaic systems a comparative analysis of model predictive control in three level and two level inverters |
| topic | 2L−3PVSI inverter 3L−3PNPC inverter cost function finite set model predictive control incremental conductance maximum power point tracking |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/18/7901 |
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