Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber
Dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber (DBNR) was prepared by reacting epoxidized natural rubber with 20 mol% (ENR-20) with dibutyl phosphate in a latex medium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the molecular structures of ENR-20 and DBNR and to quantify the epoxide...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Budapest University of Technology
2024-06-01
|
| Series: | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0012918&mi=cd |
| _version_ | 1797215592464252928 |
|---|---|
| author | Azizon Kaesaman Suwit Chiponbarn Charoen Nakason |
| author_facet | Azizon Kaesaman Suwit Chiponbarn Charoen Nakason |
| author_sort | Azizon Kaesaman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber (DBNR) was prepared by reacting epoxidized natural rubber with 20 mol% (ENR-20) with dibutyl phosphate in a latex medium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the molecular structures of ENR-20 and DBNR and to quantify the epoxide contents. The shear flows and thermal properties of DBNR were then characterized and compared with ENR-20 and natural rubber (NR). The DBNR exhibited the lowest viscosity curves, but it depicted the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) and residue from thermogravimetric evaluation, indicating higher thermal resistance. Subsequently, different NR/DBNR blend ratios were compounded, with and without flame resistance additives, compared with unmodified NR and chloroprene rubber (CR) compounds. We found that all natural rubber compounds exhibited reversion behavior due to the breakage of newly formed sulfidic bonds. However, chloroprene rubber showed marching cured curves, as evidenced by the increasing torque with prolonged testing time. Additionally, antimony trioxide retarded the curing reaction of NR, while tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate accelerated it. Therefore, the combination of these additives synergists with the intrinsic flame retardant properties of DBNR. The study revealed that the burning rate of NR/DBNR blends, exhibited very high flame resistance capability compared to gum NR and NR compounded with flame resistance additives. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:32:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0bc5371a32542dc9de383c30677cb40 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1788-618X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T11:32:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-06-01 |
| publisher | Budapest University of Technology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | eXPRESS Polymer Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0bc5371a32542dc9de383c30677cb402024-04-10T08:20:28ZengBudapest University of TechnologyeXPRESS Polymer Letters1788-618X2024-06-0118662363710.3144/expresspolymlett.2024.46Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubberAzizon KaesamanSuwit ChiponbarnCharoen NakasonDibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber (DBNR) was prepared by reacting epoxidized natural rubber with 20 mol% (ENR-20) with dibutyl phosphate in a latex medium. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to confirm the molecular structures of ENR-20 and DBNR and to quantify the epoxide contents. The shear flows and thermal properties of DBNR were then characterized and compared with ENR-20 and natural rubber (NR). The DBNR exhibited the lowest viscosity curves, but it depicted the highest glass transition temperature (Tg) and residue from thermogravimetric evaluation, indicating higher thermal resistance. Subsequently, different NR/DBNR blend ratios were compounded, with and without flame resistance additives, compared with unmodified NR and chloroprene rubber (CR) compounds. We found that all natural rubber compounds exhibited reversion behavior due to the breakage of newly formed sulfidic bonds. However, chloroprene rubber showed marching cured curves, as evidenced by the increasing torque with prolonged testing time. Additionally, antimony trioxide retarded the curing reaction of NR, while tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate accelerated it. Therefore, the combination of these additives synergists with the intrinsic flame retardant properties of DBNR. The study revealed that the burning rate of NR/DBNR blends, exhibited very high flame resistance capability compared to gum NR and NR compounded with flame resistance additives.http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0012918&mi=cd natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization curing mixing |
| spellingShingle | Azizon Kaesaman Suwit Chiponbarn Charoen Nakason Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber eXPRESS Polymer Letters natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization curing mixing |
| title | Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber |
| title_full | Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber |
| title_fullStr | Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber |
| title_full_unstemmed | Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber |
| title_short | Curing, rheological, mechanical, and flame retardant properties of high thermal-resistant dibutyl phosphate-bound natural rubber |
| title_sort | curing rheological mechanical and flame retardant properties of high thermal resistant dibutyl phosphate bound natural rubber |
| topic | natural rubber thermal degradation vulcanization curing mixing |
| url | http://www.expresspolymlett.com/letolt.php?file=EPL-0012918&mi=cd |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT azizonkaesaman curingrheologicalmechanicalandflameretardantpropertiesofhighthermalresistantdibutylphosphateboundnaturalrubber AT suwitchiponbarn curingrheologicalmechanicalandflameretardantpropertiesofhighthermalresistantdibutylphosphateboundnaturalrubber AT charoennakason curingrheologicalmechanicalandflameretardantpropertiesofhighthermalresistantdibutylphosphateboundnaturalrubber |