Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China

Abstract Introduction With COVID-19 vaccination rolled out globally, increasing numbers of studies have shown that booster vaccines can enhance an individual’s protection against the infection, hospitalization, and death caused by SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccin...

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Main Authors: Ting Zeng, Kailu Wang, Zihao Guo, Shengzhi Sun, Ziyu Zhai, Yaoqin Lu, Zhidong Teng, Daihai He, Kai Wang, Maozai Tian, Shi Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Adis, Springer Healthcare 2023-09-01
Series:Infectious Diseases and Therapy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00873-3
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author Ting Zeng
Kailu Wang
Zihao Guo
Shengzhi Sun
Ziyu Zhai
Yaoqin Lu
Zhidong Teng
Daihai He
Kai Wang
Maozai Tian
Shi Zhao
author_facet Ting Zeng
Kailu Wang
Zihao Guo
Shengzhi Sun
Ziyu Zhai
Yaoqin Lu
Zhidong Teng
Daihai He
Kai Wang
Maozai Tian
Shi Zhao
author_sort Ting Zeng
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction With COVID-19 vaccination rolled out globally, increasing numbers of studies have shown that booster vaccines can enhance an individual’s protection against the infection, hospitalization, and death caused by SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine BBIBP-CorV booster against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading the disease from one to another (transmission). Methods This retrospective cohort study investigated the close contacts of all officially ascertained COVID-19 confirmed cases in Urumqi, China between August 1 and September 7, 2022. Eligible records were divided into four subcohorts based on the vaccination status of both the close contact and their source case: group 2-2, 2-dose contacts seeded by 2-dose source case (as the reference level); group 2-3, 3-dose contacts seeded by 2-dose source case; group 3-2, 2-dose contacts seeded by 3-dose source case; and group 3-3, 3-dose contacts seeded by 3-dose source case. In the four subcohorts, multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the BBIBP-CorV booster dose. We adjusted for potential confounding variables, including the sex and age of source cases and close contacts, the calendar week of contact history and contact settings. We evaluated the statistical uncertainty using a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses to evaluate VE by sex. Results The sample sizes of groups 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, and 3-3 were 1184, 3773, 4723, and 27,136 individuals, respectively. Overall VE against susceptibility (group 2-3 vs 2-2) was 42.1% (95% CI 10.6, 62.5), VE against infectiousness (group 3-2 vs 2-2) was 62.0% (95% CI 37.2, 77.0), and VE against transmission (group 3-3 vs 2-2) was 83.7% (95% CI 75.1, 89.4). In the sex-stratified subgroups, male close contacts showed similar VE compared to the overall. However, among female close contacts, while the booster dose improved VE against infectiousness and VE against susceptibility, the VEs were not significantly different from zero. Conclusion BBIBP-CorV vaccine booster was associated with mild to moderate levels of protection against Omicron susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission. Real-world assessment of protective performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the risk of Omicron strains is continuously needed, and may provide information that helps vaccination strategy.
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spelling doaj.art-e0c18ec5ce294640ab0fe604885f502b2023-10-29T12:31:09ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareInfectious Diseases and Therapy2193-82292193-63822023-09-0112102405241610.1007/s40121-023-00873-3Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, ChinaTing Zeng0Kailu Wang1Zihao Guo2Shengzhi Sun3Ziyu Zhai4Yaoqin Lu5Zhidong Teng6Daihai He7Kai Wang8Maozai Tian9Shi Zhao10School of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical UniversityJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong KongJC School of Public Health and Primary Care, Chinese University of Hong KongDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversitySchool of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Applied Mathematics, Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityDepartment of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical UniversityDepartment of Medical Engineering and Technology, Xinjiang Medical UniversityCentre for Health Systems and Policy Research, Chinese University of Hong KongAbstract Introduction With COVID-19 vaccination rolled out globally, increasing numbers of studies have shown that booster vaccines can enhance an individual’s protection against the infection, hospitalization, and death caused by SARS-CoV-2. This study evaluated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine BBIBP-CorV booster against being infected (susceptibility), infecting others (infectiousness), and spreading the disease from one to another (transmission). Methods This retrospective cohort study investigated the close contacts of all officially ascertained COVID-19 confirmed cases in Urumqi, China between August 1 and September 7, 2022. Eligible records were divided into four subcohorts based on the vaccination status of both the close contact and their source case: group 2-2, 2-dose contacts seeded by 2-dose source case (as the reference level); group 2-3, 3-dose contacts seeded by 2-dose source case; group 3-2, 2-dose contacts seeded by 3-dose source case; and group 3-3, 3-dose contacts seeded by 3-dose source case. In the four subcohorts, multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the vaccine effectiveness (VE) for the BBIBP-CorV booster dose. We adjusted for potential confounding variables, including the sex and age of source cases and close contacts, the calendar week of contact history and contact settings. We evaluated the statistical uncertainty using a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, we conducted subgroup analyses to evaluate VE by sex. Results The sample sizes of groups 2-2, 2-3, 3-2, and 3-3 were 1184, 3773, 4723, and 27,136 individuals, respectively. Overall VE against susceptibility (group 2-3 vs 2-2) was 42.1% (95% CI 10.6, 62.5), VE against infectiousness (group 3-2 vs 2-2) was 62.0% (95% CI 37.2, 77.0), and VE against transmission (group 3-3 vs 2-2) was 83.7% (95% CI 75.1, 89.4). In the sex-stratified subgroups, male close contacts showed similar VE compared to the overall. However, among female close contacts, while the booster dose improved VE against infectiousness and VE against susceptibility, the VEs were not significantly different from zero. Conclusion BBIBP-CorV vaccine booster was associated with mild to moderate levels of protection against Omicron susceptibility, infectiousness, and transmission. Real-world assessment of protective performance of COVID-19 vaccines against the risk of Omicron strains is continuously needed, and may provide information that helps vaccination strategy.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00873-3COVID-19Vaccine effectivenessCohort studyContact tracing
spellingShingle Ting Zeng
Kailu Wang
Zihao Guo
Shengzhi Sun
Ziyu Zhai
Yaoqin Lu
Zhidong Teng
Daihai He
Kai Wang
Maozai Tian
Shi Zhao
Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
Infectious Diseases and Therapy
COVID-19
Vaccine effectiveness
Cohort study
Contact tracing
title Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
title_full Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
title_fullStr Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
title_full_unstemmed Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
title_short Distinguishing the Vaccine Effectiveness of Inactivated BBIBP-CorV Vaccine Booster Against the Susceptibility, Infectiousness, and Transmission of Omicron Stains: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Urumqi, China
title_sort distinguishing the vaccine effectiveness of inactivated bbibp corv vaccine booster against the susceptibility infectiousness and transmission of omicron stains a retrospective cohort study in urumqi china
topic COVID-19
Vaccine effectiveness
Cohort study
Contact tracing
url https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00873-3
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