The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen
<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some <i>E. coli</i> strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/344 |
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| author | Pravil Pokharel Sabin Dhakal Charles M. Dozois |
| author_facet | Pravil Pokharel Sabin Dhakal Charles M. Dozois |
| author_sort | Pravil Pokharel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some <i>E. coli</i> strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by <i>E. coli</i> and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in <i>E. coli</i> strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as <i>E. coli</i> vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of <i>E. coli</i>, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0c71bd0898145f79f9490a2e2fbfddc |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:23:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0c71bd0898145f79f9490a2e2fbfddc2023-11-16T22:14:34ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072023-01-0111234410.3390/microorganisms11020344The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial PathogenPravil Pokharel0Sabin Dhakal1Charles M. Dozois2Centre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaCentre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, CanadaCentre Armand-Frappier Santé Biotechnologie, Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS), 531 Boul des Prairies, Laval, QC H7V 1B7, Canada<i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) is a gram-negative bacillus and resident of the normal intestinal microbiota. However, some <i>E. coli</i> strains can cause diseases in humans, other mammals and birds ranging from intestinal infections, for example, diarrhea and dysentery, to extraintestinal infections, such as urinary tract infections, respiratory tract infections, meningitis, and sepsis. In terms of morbidity and mortality, pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> has a great impact on public health, with an economic cost of several billion dollars annually worldwide. Antibiotics are not usually used as first-line treatment for diarrheal illness caused by <i>E. coli</i> and in the case of bloody diarrhea, antibiotics are avoided due to the increased risk of hemolytic uremic syndrome. On the other hand, extraintestinal infections are treated with various antibiotics depending on the site of infection and susceptibility testing. Several alarming papers concerning the rising antibiotic resistance rates in <i>E. coli</i> strains have been published. The silent pandemic of multidrug-resistant bacteria including pathogenic <i>E. coli</i> that have become more difficult to treat favored prophylactic approaches such as <i>E. coli</i> vaccines. This review provides an overview of the pathogenesis of different pathotypes of <i>E. coli</i>, the virulence factors involved and updates on the major aspects of vaccine development against different <i>E. coli</i> pathotypes.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/344<i>Escherichia coli</i>bacterial infectionantimicrobial resistancediarrheacolibacillosisurinary tract infection |
| spellingShingle | Pravil Pokharel Sabin Dhakal Charles M. Dozois The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen Microorganisms <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacterial infection antimicrobial resistance diarrhea colibacillosis urinary tract infection |
| title | The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen |
| title_full | The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen |
| title_fullStr | The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen |
| title_short | The Diversity of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Pathotypes and Vaccination Strategies against This Versatile Bacterial Pathogen |
| title_sort | diversity of i escherichia coli i pathotypes and vaccination strategies against this versatile bacterial pathogen |
| topic | <i>Escherichia coli</i> bacterial infection antimicrobial resistance diarrhea colibacillosis urinary tract infection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/2/344 |
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