Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties
High strength transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics were fabricated from commercial powders using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique by optimizing the heating rate. The heating rate significantly influenced the microstructures and the optical/mechanical properti...
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MDPI AG
2021-02-01
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| Series: | Ceramics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/1/6 |
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| author | Lihong Liu Koji Morita Tohru S. Suzuki Byung-Nam Kim |
| author_facet | Lihong Liu Koji Morita Tohru S. Suzuki Byung-Nam Kim |
| author_sort | Lihong Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High strength transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics were fabricated from commercial powders using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique by optimizing the heating rate. The heating rate significantly influenced the microstructures and the optical/mechanical properties of the Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics. Grain growth was limited accordingly with increasing the heating rate. The ball milling process of the commercial Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders is likely to further enhance the sinterability during the SPS processing. The dense Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics, which were sintered by SPS with 100 °C/min, showed good transmittance range from visible to near infrared (IR). For a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, the in-line transmittance at a visible wavelength of 700 nm was 66%, whereas for a slow heating rate of 10 °C/min, it reduced to 46%. The hardness <i>H<sub>v</sub></i> tends to increase with increasing the heating rate and rigorously followed the Hall–Petch relationship; that is, it is enhanced with a reduction of the grain size. The toughness <i>K<sub>IC</sub></i>, on the other hand, is less sensitive to both the heating rate and the grain size, and takes a similar value. This research highlighted that the high heating rate SPS processing can fabricate fully dense fine-grained Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics with the excellent optical and mechanical properties. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:49:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-e0ce1ec9c85c44fd82617e0de50ac235 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2571-6131 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:49:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ceramics |
| spelling | doaj.art-e0ce1ec9c85c44fd82617e0de50ac2352023-12-11T17:22:18ZengMDPI AGCeramics2571-61312021-02-0141566910.3390/ceramics4010006Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical PropertiesLihong Liu0Koji Morita1Tohru S. Suzuki2Byung-Nam Kim3Sialon Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JapanSialon Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JapanCeramics Processing Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JapanField-Assisted Sintering Group, Research Center for Functional Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, JapanHigh strength transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics were fabricated from commercial powders using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique by optimizing the heating rate. The heating rate significantly influenced the microstructures and the optical/mechanical properties of the Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics. Grain growth was limited accordingly with increasing the heating rate. The ball milling process of the commercial Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> powders is likely to further enhance the sinterability during the SPS processing. The dense Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics, which were sintered by SPS with 100 °C/min, showed good transmittance range from visible to near infrared (IR). For a high heating rate of 100 °C/min, the in-line transmittance at a visible wavelength of 700 nm was 66%, whereas for a slow heating rate of 10 °C/min, it reduced to 46%. The hardness <i>H<sub>v</sub></i> tends to increase with increasing the heating rate and rigorously followed the Hall–Petch relationship; that is, it is enhanced with a reduction of the grain size. The toughness <i>K<sub>IC</sub></i>, on the other hand, is less sensitive to both the heating rate and the grain size, and takes a similar value. This research highlighted that the high heating rate SPS processing can fabricate fully dense fine-grained Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> ceramics with the excellent optical and mechanical properties.https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/1/6Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>transparent ceramicsspark plasma sinteringoptical propertiesmechanical propertiesheating rate |
| spellingShingle | Lihong Liu Koji Morita Tohru S. Suzuki Byung-Nam Kim Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties Ceramics Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transparent ceramics spark plasma sintering optical properties mechanical properties heating rate |
| title | Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties |
| title_full | Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties |
| title_fullStr | Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties |
| title_short | Effect of the Heating Rate on the Spark-Plasma-Sintering (SPS) of Transparent Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Ceramics: Microstructural Evolution, Mechanical and Optical Properties |
| title_sort | effect of the heating rate on the spark plasma sintering sps of transparent y sub 2 sub o sub 3 sub ceramics microstructural evolution mechanical and optical properties |
| topic | Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> transparent ceramics spark plasma sintering optical properties mechanical properties heating rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2571-6131/4/1/6 |
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